Modafinil and orexin system  interactions and medico-legal considerations

Salerno, Monica; Villano, Ines; Nicolosi, Daniela; Longhitano, Lucia; Loreto, Carla; Lovino, Annarita; Sessa, Francesco; Polito, Anna Nunzia; Monda, Vincenzo; Chieffi, Sergio; Messina, Antonietta; Monda, Marcellino; Zammit, Christian; Tafuri, Domenico; Messina, Giovanni; Carotenuto, Marco

doi:10.2741/4736

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Considering the difficulty linked to the direct administration of adiponectin, in the last few years, other drugs have been used that indirectly improve adiponectin production. For example, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors can increase adiponectin mRNA in adipocytes, improving the production and secretion of adiponectin [52][53][54][55]. Moreover, other drugs such as fibrates can increase systemic adiponectin levels by enhancing PPAR-γ activity [56,57].…”

Section: Adiponectin Function In Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Messina

Polito

Monda

et al. 2020

IJMS

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158

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Background: On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The infection spread first in China and then in the rest of the world, and on the 11th of March, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. Taking into consideration the mortality rate of COVID-19, about 5-7%, and the percentage of positive patients admitted to intensive care units being 9-11%, it should be mandatory to consider and take all necessary measures to contain the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, given the recent evidence in different hospitals suggesting IL-6 and TNF-α inhibitor drugs as a possible therapy for COVID-19, we aimed to highlight that a dietary intervention could be useful to prevent the infection and/or to ameliorate the outcomes during therapy. Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes.

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Section: Adiponectin Function In Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Messina

Polito

Monda

et al. 2020

IJMS

Self Cite

158

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, in its first phase, many governments did not provide uniform tools to perform a sufficient number of autopsies, generating the so-called "lockdown of science" [20][21][22]. Moreover, although in the second phase many autopsies have been performed around the world showing different important evidences about the pathway of this infection, scarce evidence has been collected on brain tissue involvement [23][24][25][26]. Even if healthcare organizations and researchers published guidelines and recommendations about postmortem investigation, frequently minimally invasive autopsies were performed avoiding brain extraction [27].…”

Section: Covid-19 and Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Brain and Emotional Contagion: COVID-19 Effects

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease, responsible for a global pandemic that began in January 2020. Human/COVID-19 interactions cause different outcomes ranging from minor health consequences to death. Since social interaction is the default mode by which individuals communicate with their surroundings, different modes of contagion can play a role in determining the long-term consequences for mental health and emotional well-being. We examined some basic aspects of human social interaction, emphasizing some particular features of the emotional contagion. Moreover, we analyzed the main report that described brain damage related to the COVID-19 infection. Indeed, the goal of this review is to suggest a possible explanation for the relationships among emotionally impaired people, brain damage, and COVID-19 infection. Results: COVID-19 can cause several significant neurological disorders and the pandemic has been linked to a rise in people reporting mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Neurocognitive symptoms associated with COVID-19 include delirium, both acute and chronic attention and memory impairment related to hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as learning deficits in both adults and children. Conclusions: Although our knowledge on the biology and long-term clinical outcomes of the COVID-19 infection is largely limited, approaching the pandemic based on lessons learnt from previous outbreaks of infectious diseases and the biology of other coronaviruses will provide a suitable pathway for developing public mental health strategies, which could be positively translated into therapeutic approaches, attempting to improve stress coping responses, thus contributing to alleviate the burden driven by the pandemic.

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“…The orexin system is functionally related to physiological processes such as reward-seeking behavior, energy homeostasis, sensory modulation, stress processing, or locomotion, cognition, and endocrine functions. In addition, modulation of the orexin system could have a potential impact on various pathophysiological disorders including disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle, addiction, feeding disorders, stress and anxiety disorders or pain (Xu et al, 2013;Salerno et al, 2019).…”

Section: Orexin-a: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

et al. 2020

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Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of lifestyle linked diseases. A large body of evidence indicates physical exercise as an effective measure against chronic non-communicable diseases. The worldwide general evidence for health benefits are both for all ages and skill levels. In a dysregulated lifestyle such as in the obesity, there is an imbalance in the production of different cytokines. In particular, we focused on Adiponectin, an adipokine producted by adipose tissue, and on Orexin-A, a neuropeptide synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus. The production of both Adiponectin and Orexin-A increases following regular and structured physical activity and both these hormones have similar actions. Indeed, they improve energy and glucose metabolism, and also modulate energy expenditure and thermogenesis. In addition, a relevant biological role of Adiponectin and Orexin A has been recently highlighted in the immune system, where they function as immune-suppressor factors. The strong connection between these two cytokines and healthy status is mediated by physical activity and candidates these hormones as potential biomarkers of the beneficial effects induced by physical activity. For these reasons, this review aims to underly the interconnections among Adiponectin, Orexin-A, physical activity and healthy status. Furthermore, it is analyzed the involvement of Adiponectin and Orexin-A in physical activity as physiological factors improving healthy status through physical exercise.

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Modafinil and orexin system interactions and medico-legal considerations

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

The Social Brain and Emotional Contagion: COVID-19 Effects

The Important Role of Adiponectin and Orexin-A, Two Key Proteins Improving Healthy Status: Focus on Physical Activity

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