Model-based design of a software sensor for real-time diagnosis of the stability conditions in high-rate anaerobic reactors – Full-scale application to Internal Circulation technology

Modeling the Performance of Full-Scale Anaerobic Biochemical System Treating Deinking Pulp Wastewater Based on Modified Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1

“…The fermentation and acidification were mainly accomplished at bottom layer, but methane production was achieved at upper and middle layers. Recent studies ( Feldman et al, 2017 ; Irizar et al, 2018 ) divided the hydrodynamics of the full-scale IC reactor into three CSTRs in series.…”

“…The amount of wastewater produced by pulp and wastepaper treatment was estimated to have grown by 60% from 2012 to 2020 ( Meyer and Edwards, 2014 ). It was estimated that 400 million tons of paper were produced annually, and the wastewater is 10∼100 m 3 per ton of pulp and paper production ( Irizar et al, 2018 ). Various strategies such as flotation, sedimentation, filtration, and aerobic activated sludge have been utilized to DIP wastewater treatment ( Simstich et al, 2012 ; Irizar et al, 2018 ).…”

“…It was estimated that 400 million tons of paper were produced annually, and the wastewater is 10∼100 m 3 per ton of pulp and paper production ( Irizar et al, 2018 ). Various strategies such as flotation, sedimentation, filtration, and aerobic activated sludge have been utilized to DIP wastewater treatment ( Simstich et al, 2012 ; Irizar et al, 2018 ). In last two decades, the application of anaerobic digestion (AD) to the treatment of wastewater with high organic contents has grown rapidly, including wastewater produced from pulp and paper making.…”

“…In contrast to the 15 kg COD m –3 d –1 loading of UASB, the organic loading rate capacity of IC is up to 20–50 kg COD m –3 d –1 ( Rajagopal et al, 2013 ; Karadag et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Hamza et al, 2016 ). The IC reactor has been widely utilized in industrial wastewater anaerobic treatment, such as beer production ( Chen et al, 2021 ), cotton pulp manufacturing ( Cui et al, 2011 ), food processing ( Guo et al, 2018 ), and paper making ( Irizar et al, 2018 ), etc.…”

“…But the larger reactor needs more cost, and the lack of reliable, unfeasible and cost saving limits the application of on-site device. Therefore, AD models have been used to indirectly provide profitable information about the operation condition of the reactor ( Irizar et al, 2018 ). Several types of models have been proposed for describing the details of the AD process ( Diez Blanco et al, 1995 ; Chen et al, 2016 ).…”