Model of Cathode Spots Crater Formation and Deuterium Desorption Process on Zirconium Deuterium Electrode

Wang, Lijun; Zhang, Xiao; Li, Jiagang; Luo, Ming; Shmelev, D. L.

doi:10.1109/tps.2020.3043092

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All components of current density and energy current density are described in (13). The calculation of Q total and j total is explained in detail in reference [18].…”

Section: Simulation Of Cathode Spot Crater Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S A Barengolts et al [17] considered the Navier-Stokes equation and can dynamically analyze the movement and development of the cathode spot, and intuitively show the distribution and distribution of hydrogen bound inside the crater at each moment during the development of the crater. Wang et al [18] also carried out a simulation analysis on the cathode spot of the two-dimensional zirconium hydrogen electrode, and calculated the energy flux density and current density based on the basic parameters that are easily obtained in experiments. In reference [19], Shkol'nik et al pointed out that the hydrogen impregnation degree of the hydrogen storage electrode will affect the cathode spots in the arc process, and a lower impregnation degree can greatly reduce the ablation rate and the size of cathode spots, but the cause of this phenomenon is not given in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Wang¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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In this paper, the crater formation process of single cathode spot on hydrogen titanium electrode is modeled. In this model, combined with the deuterium diffusion equation, the flux boundary condition was considered to calculate the cathode spot desorption rate with different impregnation degree, and the deformation process of the cathode spot crater was simulated by a hydrodynamic model. The simulation results show that the current, size, and depth of a single cathode spot crater tend to decrease with increasing impregnation degree, which is consistent with many related experimental results. The simulation result shows that the desorption of deuterium in a single cathode spot crater mainly occurs in the ignition stage, and the positions of desorption are successively distributed in the liquid metal flow area on the side wall of the crater and the high temperature area in the center of the crater. The desorption rate of deuterium drops rapidly after cathode spot quenching. At the same time, the increase of arc current and impregnation degree can improve the deuterium desorption rate of a single cathode spot.

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“…All components of current density and energy current density are described in (13). The calculation of Q total and j total is explained in detail in reference [18].…”

Section: Simulation Of Cathode Spot Crater Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Wang¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…For further elucidation of the physical mechanism of the deuterium ionization process and the ion velocity separation phenomenon, fluid numerical simulation methods for deuterated cathode spot plasmas have undergone significant development in recent years [12,[20][21][22][23][24][25]. The simulation of a cathode spot jet by Yang et al [22] showed partial survival of deuterium atoms in the gap, and the deuterium ion fraction in the plasma was equal to the cathodic deuterium component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the properties of deuterium ions in a composite cathode vacuum arc discharge

Song,

Sun,

Yang

et al. 2024

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Vacuum arc discharge with metal-deuteride cathode can generate supersonic deuterium ion jet, which finds important applications in vacuum arc ions sources. In this study, a 1D3V spherical PIC-DSMC cathode spot model with titanium-deuteride cathode is developed to investigate the ionization and acceleration of deuterium ions from vacuum breakdown to steady-arc stage. The effects of cathode deuteration concentration on the deuterium ion fraction and kinetic energy are also analyzed. The results show that the released deuterium atoms start to be ionized at about tens of nanometers far away from cathode and then be fully-ionized at about 2 μm as cathode potential drop gradually building up. The proportion of deuterium ions in plasma is approximately same as the proportion of deuterium atoms in cathode material. Velocity separation of deuterium and titanium ions occurs due to the acceleration of electric field during the vacuum breakdown stage, however, the predominant ion-ion coulomb collisions wipe out this separation at the steady-arc stage. Shifting the deuterium atoms concentration in cathode under the constant arc burning voltage produces an approximately equal current density, and increases the velocities of all ion species. The higher ion kinetic energy is gained by reducing the ohmic heating dissipation, which is facilitated by the lower plasma resistivity under the increased deuterium ion density.

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Investigation on the Effect of the Self-generated Metal Vapour on the Cathode Spot Formation in Vacuum Arc by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Yang,

Shen,

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Model of Cathode Spots Crater Formation and Deuterium Desorption Process on Zirconium Deuterium Electrode

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Numerical simulation of cathode-spot crater formation and deuterium desorption process on hydrogen titanium cathode with flux boundary conditions and different impregnation degree

Study on the properties of deuterium ions in a composite cathode vacuum arc discharge

Investigation on the Effect of the Self-generated Metal Vapour on the Cathode Spot Formation in Vacuum Arc by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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