Model Studies Directed at the Development of New Thermal Oxidative Stability Enhancing Additives for Future Jet Fuels

Abstract

Thermal stressing of a Jet A fuel containing triphenylphosphine (TPP) as an additive results in a significant enhancement in thermal oxidative stability. Efforts to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for the observed thermal oxidative stability enhancement are reported. Data presented for the reaction of TPP with molecular oxygen show two pathways to be important. In particular, in nonpolar solvents and in the presence of BHT, the data are consistent with TPP playing an oxygen scavenging role via operation of an electron-transfer-initiated-oxygenation chain mechanism. The significances of these findings to the potential development of a new generation of thermal oxidative stability enhancing additives is discussed.

Surface Deposition Characteristics of Supercritical Kerosene RP-3 Fuel within Treated and Untreated Stainless-Steel Tubes. Part 1: Short Thermal Duration

“…To confirm the reliability of the experimental facility and method, the 1 h experiments were repeated at the same test conditions for the untreated SS321 tubes. As shown in Figure , the repeatability of 1 h experiments is acceptable and the local surface deposition profile is particularly consistent with the former published literature. − Furthermore, the experimental result manifests that the total deposition amount discrepancy between two tests under the same conditions is less than 4.94%.…”

Structural effects on the reactivity of substituted arylphosphines as potential oxygen-scavenging additives for future jet fuels

“…We have postulated that electron-rich molecules that have low oxidation potentials, such as various triarylphosphines [7], can be induced to undergo ETIO reactions [8]. Scheme 1 depicts our recent ETIO mechanistic proposal for the reaction of aryl phosphines at 150ЊC in oxygen-saturated dodecane in the presence of a phenolic antioxidant (BHT) [5].…”

“…Presumably, the unspecified oxidant is derived from dodecane hydroperoxides that form (low concentration) even in the presence of BHT [5].…”

“…These reactions must occur prior to the O 2 -promoted degradation of the fuel. We have previously shown that the presence of triphenylphosphine in a JP-8 increases its thermal oxidative stability by 50% [5]. The factors involved in the design of such oxygen-scavenging additives have already been discussed at length [6].…”

Possible Influence of High Injection Pressure on Diesel Fuel Stability: A Review and Preliminary Study

“…This original proposal [27] has been widely adopted and agreed to explain the apparent inverse relation between the ease of fuel oxidation, in terms of the initial rate thereof, and the amount of deposit eventually formed. 'Indigenous' or 'native' antioxidants are thereby proposed as a significant source of fuel deposits [28]. Indeed, the difference between a 'native' and a synthetic antioxidant may be that only the latter are disposed to yield fuelsoluble products [29].…”