“…These studies were conducted to investigate the response of single vertical piles and pile groups under lateral soil movement (e.g. Poulos et al, 1995;Pan et al, 2002;White et al, 2008;Guo and Ghee, 2010;Al-abboodi and Sabbagh, 2017). (Cubrinovski and Ishihara, 2007) Similarly, studies on 'active' batter piles subjected to combined lateral and vertical loads have significantly attracted research efforts for the last four decades (Meyerhof and Ranjan, 1972;Meyerhof and Yalcin, 1993;Zhang et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2014;Singh and Arora, 2017).…”