Modelação matemática e otimização operacional de processos de membrana de ultrafiltração

Abstract

A utilização de processos de membrana em Engenharia Ambiental tem expandido de forma significativa nos últimos anos e, tendo em vista a importância da possibilidade de otimização da sua operação com vistas à produção máxima de permeado em função do tempo, este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma técnica de otimização da operação de sistemas de ultrafiltração mediante o estudo de ciclos de operação e lavagem. Os ensaios experimentais foram efetuados tendo-se empregado duas membranas de ultrafiltração com diferentes pesos moleculares de corte e, com base nos resultados experimentais, foi possível a proposição de um modelo matemático que permitiu a otimização da operação de sistemas de ultrafiltração, o que possibilitou o aumento da produção do volume de permeado em cerca de 14%.

Membrane Technology and Water Reuse in a Dairy Industry

“…One of the worst problems cited by the authors during the operation of membrane systems is the decay of the flow over time. This phenomenon is called "fouling" or "membrane fouling" [27][28][29][30][31].…”

“…That is, the solute is concentrated in the region close to the membrane/solution interface, preventing the passage of the solvent. According to the authors [27], the reduction in the permeate flux during the filtration, applying constant pressure, occurs due to the deposition of colloidal particles and macromolecules on the surface of the membrane. Thus, the authors state that membrane cleaning should be performed periodically during the operation of the system to prevent the possibility of extreme membrane fouling and even irreversible fouling.…”

“…Physics are dependent on mechanical forces to remove particles accumulated on the surface of the membrane. They include flushing and/or reverse flushing and backwashing [27]. Chemical methods depend on chemical reactions, which break down the forces that bind the adhered substances on the surface of the membrane.…”

“…Chemical methods depend on chemical reactions, which break down the forces that bind the adhered substances on the surface of the membrane. Chemical cleaning methods are hydrolysis, digestion, saponification, solubilization, and dispersion [27].…”

Numerical Study of Oil/Water Separation by Ceramic Membranes in the Presence of Turbulent Flow

“…Several studies have been reported in the literature using ceramic membranes as device to separate water/oil mixture [8][9][10][11] and have shown a separation efficiency ranging between 95% to 99.9% depending on the membrane and of the fluids properties that you want to separate. However, these devices have shown a deficiency with respect to the permeate flow that is reduced over time due to fouling pores.…”