“…The basic models, such as resistance, inductance, and advanced models, that is, various models of transmission line, loads, saturable transformers, synchronous machine (without saturation), machine controls, etc. were already presented in previous papers (Masoom et al 2020;Masoom et al 2021). This paper focuses on the synchronous machine model with saturation and the nonlinear arrester and comparison of simulation efficiency in Modelica.…”