Modeling and Initialization of a Virtual Synchronous Machine for Power System Fundamental Frequency Simulations

Barać, Bojana; Krpan, Matej; Capuder, Tomislav; Kuzle, Igor

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130375

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hence, it creates complexity in tunning of controller [12]. 'Virtual Synchronous Generator' (VSG) is one of the techniques used in grid forming converters that emulates inertia [13]- [16]. The idea is to make a voltage source converter (VSC) work like a synchronous generator (SG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic System With Synchronverter Control: Power System Simulation Studies

Sonawane

Umarikar

2022

IEEE Access

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic System With Synchronverter Control: Power System Simulation Studies

Sonawane

Umarikar

2022

IEEE Access

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“…All of these CIG devices employ a VSM grid-forming control scheme. The plant modeling and the control blocks have been implemented in a DIgSILENT PowerFactory environment using DSL language in accordance with work [29]. These control functions include virtual inertia and active power control, reactive power control, virtual impedance, and phase locked loop.…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

Gotti¹,

Ledesma²,

Amarís³

2023

Preprint

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<p>This paper proposes a method to estimate the inertia constant of synchronous generators (SGs) and the virtual inertia provided by converter-interfaced generators (CIGs). The algorithm is based on a gray-box system identification approach and uses the active power and bus frequency measurements proceeding from phasor measurement units. The measurements are preprocessed to improve the estimation accuracy. Subsequently, a model-independent rotor speed estimator is used to compute rotor speed variations (or internal frequency variations, in the case of CIGs). Afterward, a recursive least-square equation error formulation is implemented to compute the SG and CIG parameters in the z-domain, which are later converted into their respective counterparts in the s-domain. The method is applied to several generation devices in the IEEE 39-bus test system, including traditional SGs and CIGs providing virtual inertia. Numerical results show the accuracy and the low computational burden of the proposed method.</p>

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“…These devices are assumed to mimic the behavior of synchronous machines and are thus expected to provide a virtual inertia to the system. The controllers of grid-forming converters are based on [44]. The objective of this section is twofold: (i) showing that the proposed inertia estimation approach works correctly under variable generation/load conditions and (ii) illustrating the ability of the proposed estimation technique to capture the effect of grid-forming converters.…”

Section: A Ieee 39-bus Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertia Estimation Through Covariance Matrix

Bizzarri

Giudice

Grillo

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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This work presents a technique to estimate on-line the inertia of a power system based on ambient measurements. The proposed technique utilizes the covariance matrix of these measurements and solves an optimization problem that fits such measurements to the synchronous machine classical model. We show that the proposed technique is adequate to accurately estimate the actual inertia of synchronous machines and also the virtual inertia provided by the controllers of converter-interfaced generators that emulate the behavior of synchronous machines. We also show that the proposed approach is able to estimate the equivalent damping of the classical synchronous machine model. This feature is exploited to estimate the droop of gridfollowing converters, which has a similar effect of the swing equation equivalent damping. The technique is comprehensively tested on a modified version of the IEEE 39-bus system as well as on a dynamic 1479-bus model of the all-island Irish transmission system.

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Modeling and Initialization of a Virtual Synchronous Machine for Power System Fundamental Frequency Simulations

Cited by 33 publications

References 38 publications

Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic System With Synchronverter Control: Power System Simulation Studies

Three-Phase Single-Stage Photovoltaic System With Synchronverter Control: Power System Simulation Studies

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

Inertia Estimation Through Covariance Matrix

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