Modeling and Optimization of Smart Building Energy Management System Considering Both Electrical and Thermal Load

Abstract

Energy consumption in buildings is expected to increase by 40% over the next 20 years. Electricity remains the largest source of energy used by buildings, and the demand for it is growing. Building energy improvement strategies is needed to mitigate the impact of growing energy demand. Introducing a smart energy management system in buildings is an ambitious yet increasingly achievable goal that is gaining momentum across geographic regions and corporate markets in the world due to its potential in saving energy costs consumed by the buildings. This paper presents a Smart Building Energy Management system (SBEMS), which is connected to a bidirectional power network. The smart building has both thermal and electrical power loops. Renewable energy from wind and photo-voltaic, battery storage system, auxiliary boiler, a fuel cell-based combined heat and power system, heat sharing from neighboring buildings, and heat storage tank are among the main components of the smart building. A constraint optimization model has been developed for the proposed SBEMS and the state-of-the-art real coded genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem. The main characteristics of the proposed SBEMS are emphasized through eight simulation cases, taking into account the various configurations of the smart building components. In addition, EV charging is also scheduled and the outcomes are compared to the unscheduled mode of charging which shows that scheduling of Electric Vehicle charging further enhances the cost-effectiveness of smart building operation.

Integrating Renewable Energy with Building Management Systems: Pathways to Sustainable Infrastructure

“…The optimization of energy consumption through building management systems can be enhanced by coordinating renewable energy sources with the building's energy usage patterns, effectively minimizing waste and improving overall energy efficiency. Renewable technologies, thus, play a crucial role not only in reducing buildings' carbon footprints but also in enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the broader energy infrastructure [2,4].…”

“…The range of components controlled by a BMS typically includes Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning systems, lighting, power systems, security systems, fire systems, and other essential subsystems. By leveraging real-time data collected from sensors throughout the building, a BMS efficiently orchestrates building functions to enhance occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption, and lower operational costs [2,5].…”

“…It is integral to creating intelligent, selfregulating buildings that can meet their energy needs through internal production, storage, and judicious management, thus significantly reducing their carbon footprint and paving the way toward truly sustainable urban ecosystems. The sophistication of BMS is continually evolving to match the growing complexity of buildings and their rising energy demands, emphasizing the need for BMS that can adeptly coordinate a diverse array of devices, manage renewable energy integration, and contribute to the broader sustainability goals in the built environment [2,7,8].…”

“…These technologies, when synergized with BMS, hold the potential to revolutionize buildings from passive energy consumers to active, efficient agents of energy management. Through the lens of sustainable development, this integration is not merely an environmental imperative but also a socioeconomic opportunity, promising reduced operational costs, increased energy resilience, and alignment with global carbon reduction targets [1][2][3].…”

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Integration capabilities are another critical aspect of contemporary BMS, as they are increasingly expected to interface with other management platforms and utilize external data, such as weather predictions, to further refine energy efficiency measures [2].

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