“…The one-diode model with five electrical parameters and the two-diode model with seven parameters are the most adopted by the authors [ 9 , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] ]. To reduce the complexity and the nonlinearity degree of the current equation, the single-diode model is extensively employed in academic research [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. However, since it ignores the impact of the recombination process within the depletion area, the single-diode model does not give the correct description of the physical effects inside real PV cells, and it is considered as a non-effective model [ 19 ].…”