Modeling for development of simulation tool: Cattle diet formulation

Abstract

This paper presents algorithms for simulation tool development to formulate and compute cattle diet at different stages of livestock. Algorithms are proposed for bi-criteria models. The objectives taken are minimization of cost and maximization of the shelf life of animal feed mix. Other objectives achieved by these algorithms are inclusion of nutrient variability in the feed mix and minimization of the deviations. For developing the algorithms, combination of three mathematical programming techniques: linear, stochastic and goal programming is used. Computational and technological interface is included in the field of animal diet formulation by developing the algorithms, which provides better and faster results. Twenty mathematical models are solved by proposed algorithms and obtained results showed superiority of algorithm 2 in terms of nutrient variability whereas algorithm 1 provides better results in terms of lesser cost and more shelf life. Algorithm 3 is taking the two objectives in parallel and providing the optimal feed mix at minimum deviations from the target values of the cost and the shelf life.

Synthesis, of some transition metal (ΙΙ/ΙΙΙ)-Schiff base complexes and copper, zinc nanoparticle size bearing sulfonamide fragment : New drugs for antimicrobial and anticancer agents.

“…3. It reveals that the spectra of the complexes(1-7) shows absorption bands of the sulphone group of ʋ asym (SO 2 ) and ʋ sym (SO 2 ) shifted to lower frequency than its parent HL ligand at 1327-1312cm -1 and at 1153-1165cm -1 respectively (14,27) .…”

“…The IR spectral data, Table 2 in the region 4000-400cm -1 have been recorded for the HL Schiff base ligand. The IR data show that the ʋ(CH=N) of the azomethine group and ʋ(C=N) of the thiadiazole moiety occur at 1596cm -1 and 1629cm -1 , respectively (13)(14)(15) . In addition, the ligand exhibits two bands at 1330 and 1130cm -1 which is attributed to ʋ(SO 2 ) asym and ʋ(SO 2 ) sym stretching vibrations,respectively (16,17) .…”

Characterization of minerals content in olive cake and bakery wastes: application in animal nutrition and bio-fuel production

“…From feed formulation prospective, feed formulation designed for specific animal requirements requires accurate measurements of nutrients in feed ingredients including minerals. Relaying on average nutrient composition only and not variation can cause under-formulation or over-formulation which results in increase feed price and under/over achievement of nutrient specification (Saxena & Khanna, 2017). Available minerals composition in certain feed ingredients tables either not reported (as the case in olive cake) or just report mean measurements with no indication to the variation (as the case in bakery wastes) (NRC, 1994;NRC, 2000;NRC 2007).…”

“…Quantifying the variation in mineral concentrations can enhance optimization process of bio-fuel production through pyrolysis. Furthermore, quantifying the variation in minerals concentrations in feed ingredients have been reported to be helpful to recommend mineral supplementation strategies and to provide more accurate feed formulation to meet requirements in farm animals (Saxena & Khanna, 2017;Zhang & Roush, 2002).…”