Modeling nitrate removal in a denitrification bed

Ghane, Ehsan; Fausey, Norman R.; Brown, L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.10.039

Cited by 87 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As had been previously reported (Moorman et al, 2010;Woli et al, 2010;Warneke et al, 2011a;Christianson et al, 2013a;Ghane et al, 2015), we found small N 2 O emissions from either Bioreactor 1 or 2 wood chip beds. However, our rates were generally greater than those reported by Christianson et al (2013a) for bioreactors with soil covers but similar to those without.…”

Section: N 2 O Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

Temperature and Substrate Control Woodchip Bioreactor Performance in Reducing Tile Nitrate Loads in East-Central Illinois

et al. 2016

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Tile drainage is the major source of nitrate in the upper Midwest, and end-of-tile removal techniques such as wood chip bioreactors have been installed that allow current farming practices to continue, with nitrate removed through denitrification. There have been few multiyear studies of bioreactors examining controls on nitrate removal rates. We evaluated the nitrate removal performance of two wood chip bioreactors during the first 3 yr of operation and examined the major factors that regulated nitrate removal. Bioreactor 2 was subject to river flooding, and performance was not assessed. ) in Years 2 and 3, overall removal efficiency was low (3 and 7% in Years 2 and 3, respectively). Based on a process-based bioreactor performance model, Bioreactor 1 would have needed to be 9 times as large as the current system to remove 50% of the nitrate load from this 20-ha field. et al., 2010b;Skaggs et al., 2012;Jaynes and Isenhart, 2014;David et al., 2015;Groh et al., 2015). The effectiveness of these practices is variable from location to location and temporally due to differing tile flow amounts and nitrate concentrations. Edgeof-field techniques have particular difficulty reducing nitrate loads during high-flow periods, when most transport occurs (Royer et al., 2006;Ikenberry et al., 2014;Moorman et al., 2015).Wood chip bioreactors have been installed at the end of tile lines from many fields in the Midwest. A wide range of nitrate removal effectiveness (up to 98% nitrate reductions) in laboratory and field studies has been reported in the literature (Greenan et al., 2009;Chun et al., 2009Chun et al., , 2010Moorman et al., 2010;Verma et al., 2010;Woli et al., 2010;Christianson et al., 2012b;Bell et al., 2015). Most have been designed as plasticlined trenches, filled with mixed-species wood chips, that receive tile flow from fields ranging from 1 to 20 ha in size (e.g., Woli et al., 2010;Christianson et al., 2012b). At low flow most of the tile water passes through the bioreactor, but at high flows they are designed so that water will bypass the wood chip bed (Christianson et al., 2012a). The published literature on the effectiveness of this technique is limited, and additional results are needed because bioreactors have been proposed in two state nutrient loss reduction strategies as a primary method for nitrate reductions (Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy, 2013; Illinois Nutrient Loss Reduction Strategy, 2015).One concern with any engineered denitrification technique is that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) could be released (Groh et al., 2015), trading a water quality problem for a greenhouse gas problem Journal of Environmental Quality MOVING DENITRIFYING BIOREACTORS BEYOND PROOF OF CONCEPT SPECIAL SECTION Core Ideas• Bioreactor performance decreased greatly after Year 1.• Tile water temperature was limiting factor as wood chips aged.• Little N 2 O emitted from wood chip bed.• Bioreactor would need to be six times larger for this field and nitrate load.

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Section: N 2 O Emissionssupporting

confidence: 87%

Temperature and Substrate Control Woodchip Bioreactor Performance in Reducing Tile Nitrate Loads in East-Central Illinois

et al. 2016

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“…For urban areas, conventional stormwater control measures (i.e., dry and wet ponds) and more innovative measures (i.e., green roofs, permeable pavement, bioretention, vegetated open channels, sand filters and wetlands) aimed at reducing peak flow, and removing sediments and nutrients are possible solutions[58,59]. Also for cropland, controlled drainage[60], denitrification beds[61], constructed wetlands[62], and other management practices are possible solutions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff

et al. 2016

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Transport of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural and urban landscapes to surface water bodies can cause adverse environmental impacts. The main objective of this long-term study was to quantify and compare contaminant transport in agricultural drainage water and urban stormwater runoff. We measured flow rate and contaminant concentration in stormwater runoff from Willmar, Minnesota, USA, and in drainage water from subsurface-drained fields with surface inlets, namely, Unfertilized and Fertilized Fields. Commercial fertilizer and turkey litter manure were applied to the Fertilized Field based on agronomic requirements. Results showed that the City Stormwater transported significantly higher loads per unit area of ammonium, total suspended solids (TSS), and total phosphorus (TP) than the Fertilized Field, but nitrate load was significantly lower. Nitrate load transport in drainage water from the Unfertilized Field was 58% of that from the Fertilized Field. Linear regression analysis indicated that a 1% increase in flow depth resulted in a 1.05% increase of TSS load from the City Stormwater, a 1.07% increase in nitrate load from the Fertilized Field, and a 1.11% increase in TP load from the Fertilized Field. This indicates an increase in concentration with a rise in flow depth, revealing that concentration variation was a significant factor influencing the dynamics of load transport. Further regression analysis showed the importance of targeting high flows to reduce contaminant transport. In conclusion, for watersheds similar to this one, management practices should be directed to load reduction of ammonium and TSS from urban areas, and nitrate from cropland while TP should be a target for both.

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“…Christianson et al (2011) also reported that 30e70% of nitrate was removed within 4e8 h by pilot-scale drainage bioreactors and an HRT of 10 h was necessary for 90% removal for an initial concentration of 10.1 mg N/L. Biological denitrification can be described by the MichaeliseMenten kinetics which has been used to model nitrate removal by woodchips (Ghane et al, 2015). According to this model, nitrate removal follows zero-order kinetics when the concentration is higher than the half-saturation constant (Km) and first-order kinetics when the nitrate is lower than Km.…”

Section: Effect Of Hrts On Nutrient Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate and phosphate removal from agricultural subsurface drainage using laboratory woodchip bioreactors and recycled steel byproduct filters

et al. 2016

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Modeling nitrate removal in a denitrification bed

Cited by 87 publications

References 52 publications

Temperature and Substrate Control Woodchip Bioreactor Performance in Reducing Tile Nitrate Loads in East-Central Illinois

Temperature and Substrate Control Woodchip Bioreactor Performance in Reducing Tile Nitrate Loads in East-Central Illinois

Comparison of Contaminant Transport in Agricultural Drainage Water and Urban Stormwater Runoff

Nitrate and phosphate removal from agricultural subsurface drainage using laboratory woodchip bioreactors and recycled steel byproduct filters

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