Modeling of Some Operating Parameters Required for the Development of Fixed Bed Small Scale Pyrolysis Plant

Bacskai, Istvan; Madar, Viktor; Fogarassy, Csaba; Tóth, László

doi:10.3390/resources8020079

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the cosmetics industry, some define different strategic alternatives for the same problem's management, which mostly aim at the dedicated planning of packaging [36]. Using heat energy produced from biomass, or renewable energy resources are also viewed as advantageous trends in the production process of cosmetics [37].…”

Section: Environmental Protection and Sustainability On The Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market

2019

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Consumers and producers are becoming more open to the usage of natural cosmetics. This can be seen in them using a variety of natural cosmetic resources and materials. This fact is further supported by the trend of environmental and health awareness. These phenomena can be found within both the producers’ and the consumers’ behavior. Our research supports that green or natural products’ role in the cosmetics industry is getting more and more pronounced. The role of science is to determine the variables suggesting the consumer to change to natural cosmetics. The primary aim of our research is to find out to what extent the characteristics of the consumption of organic foods and natural cosmetics differ. We would like to know what factors influence consumer groups when buying green products. The novelty of the analyses is mainly that consumers were ordered into clusters, based on consuming bio-foodstuffs and preferring natural cosmetics. The cluster analysis has multiple variables, namely: Consumer behavior in light of bio-product, new natural cosmetics brand, or health- and environmental awareness preferences. The data was collected using online questionnaire, exclusively in Hungary during April–May of 2018. 197 participants answered our questions. The results of descriptive statistics and the cluster analysis show that there are consumers who prefer natural cosmetics, whereas some of them buy traditional ones. A third group use both natural and ordinary cosmetics. The results suggest that on the market of cosmetic products, health and environmental awareness will be a significant trend for both producer and consumer behavior, even in the future. However, it will not necessarily follow the trends of the foodstuffs industry, as the health effect spectrum of cosmetics is far shorter. In the future, the palette of natural cosmetics will become much wider. The main reason for this will be the appearance of green cosmetics materials and environmentally friendly production methods (mostly for packaging). The consumers will also have the possibility to choose the ones that suit them the most.

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Section: Environmental Protection and Sustainability On The Cosmeticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market

2019

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“…Rapid pyrolysis occurs at temperatures ranging from 500 to 650 • C, with bio-oil as the main product, and at temperatures higher than 700 • C, the product obtained is methane [269,270]. Commonly used reactors include fixed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and rotary kiln or mobile rectors [271]. Pyrolysis, torrefaction, and carbonization are still at the laboratory scale in Nigeria.…”

Section: Thermochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

2020

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Nigeria is a developing country with an insufficient supply of energy to meet the continuously growing demand. However, there are several biomass resources available within the country. This paper presents a desk review, which investigates the potential resources for biomass energy generation within the country. Energy policies to aid biomass use as an energy source within the country were also reviewed. Biomass resources identified within Nigeria include forest residues, agricultural residues, human and animal wastes, aquatic biomass, and energy crops. However, several of the resources, particularly agricultural residues, have competing uses, such as livestock feed and soil rejuvenation. An estimation of the technical energy potential of the biomass resources revealed that about 2.33 EJ could be generated from the available resources in Nigeria. Agricultural residues have an energy potential of about 1.09 EJ, with cassava, maize, oil palm, plantain, rice, and sorghum being the major contributors. Animal wastes, municipal solid waste, and forest residues have energy potentials of 0.65, 0.11, and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The potentials of wood fuel and charcoal are 0.38 and 0.05 EJ, respectively. The study found that despite the available potential and existing policies, not much has been done in the implementation of large-scale bioenergy within the country. However, there has been laboratory and research-scale investigations. The review suggests that more policies and stronger enforcement will aid bioenergy development within the country. From the review, it has been suggested that the agricultural sector needs to be developed to generate more biomass resources. More research, development, and implementation have to be carried out on biomass resources and bioenergy generation processes. The production of non-edible energy crops in marginal lands should also be considered prime to the development of bioenergy within the country.

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“…A clinoptilolite-zeolite sample was obtained from Bayah natural deposit, Banten, whereas the EFBOPB was prepared by employing a slow-pyrolysis process with 300˚C -400˚C temperature for about eight hours [17] [18]. Three samples of zeolite analyzed consisted of three different particle sizes, i.e., 60 -80, 80 -100, and 100 -150 mesh.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of Mpmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Molecular-Sieving Materials as Ameliorant for Peat Degradation in the Tropics

Santi¹,

Goenadi²,

Sabiham³

et al. 2021

JMMCE

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Peat utilization for agriculture expansion area is commonly found extensively in tropical region during the last few decades. Most agronomical practices involve drainage resulting decomposition of organic materials and increasing drying. This study was carried out to determine the potential use of molecular-sieving materials (MPMs) as an ameliorant for peat soil targeted for reducing the potential hazard of peat degradation. A clinoptilolite-zeolite, empty fruit bunches of oil palm biochar (EFBOPB), and their combination were studied its characteristics to evaluate the ability in adsorbing water and green-house gas emission. A series of laboratory analyses were conducted to determine physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics of both materials and its combination, including elemental analyses, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, pore spaces, water holding capacity (WHC), and adsorption capacity for CO 2 , NH 3 , and N 2 . The study revealed that 100 -150 mesh size of zeolite possesses higher values of CEC, WHC, and adsorption capacity for CO 2 , NH 3 , and N 2 compared to EFBOPB, whereas the latter indicated a higher organic-C content and pore spaces. Combination of 75% (w/w) zeolite and 25% (w/w) EFBOPB showed the best composition of these two MPMs to improve WHC of peat and as consequences slowing down the firing process of the peat. Based on the gas adsorption data, it could be assumed that the mixture of MPMs studied could be considered as an effective material to reduce risk of peat from fire potential hazard and retard GHG emission.

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Modeling of Some Operating Parameters Required for the Development of Fixed Bed Small Scale Pyrolysis Plant

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market

Green Consumer Behavior in the Cosmetics Market

An Assessment of Potential Resources for Biomass Energy in Nigeria

The Use of Molecular-Sieving Materials as Ameliorant for Peat Degradation in the Tropics

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