Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model?

Mai, Chun‐Wai; Chin, Kok‐Yong; Foong, Lian‐Chee; Pang, Kok-Lun; Yu, Bin; Shu, Yu; Chen, Sisi; Cheong, Soon-Keng; Chua, Chee Wai

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…As a multifocal disease, PCa is primarily characterized by a high propensity for bone metastasis and great intratumoral heterogeneity. 24 At present, hormonal and surgical treatments are effective in treating localized and androgen-dependent PCa, but cancer easily progresses to an androgen-independent stage where the tumor continues to grow despite hormone depletion, thus leading to poor prognosis and treatment failure. 25 Recently, Exos emerge as novel and potent biological drug carriers in anti-cancer therapy owning to low immunogenicity and toxicity, high stability and bioavailability, and the stimulation of anti-tumor immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Interferon-β-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells

Yuan,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Organogenesis

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Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a serious burden to men. Interferon-β (IFN-β) is implicated in cancer cell growth. This study hence explored the regulation of IFN-β-modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) in PCa cells. In vitro- cultured hUCMSCs were transfected with pcDNA3.1-IFN-β plasmid or IFN-β siRNA. hUCMSC-Exos were extracted by ultracentrifugation and identified. PCa cells (PC3 and LNCap) were treated with Exos. Cellular internalization of Exos by cells was detected by uptake assay. Cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8, EdU staining, and flow cytometry. Levels of cell cycle-related proteins (cyclin D/cyclin E) were determined by Western blot. The effect of IFN-β-modified hUCMSC-Exos in vivo was analyzed. IFN-β-modified hUCMSC-Exos (Exo oe- IFN −β or Exo si- IFN −β ) were successfully isolated. IFN-β was encapsulated in Exos, and PCa cells could uptake Exos. After treating with Exo oe- IFN −β , PCa cell proliferation was impeded, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, cyclin D/cyclin E levels, and cell apoptotic rate were elevated, while cells treated with Exo oe- IFN −β exhibited contrary trends. IFN-β-modified hUCMSC-Exos reduced PCa tumor size and weight in vivo . Conjointly, IFN-β-modified hUCMSC-Exos suppress PCa cell proliferation and facilitate apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Interferon-β-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells

Yuan,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Organogenesis

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“…Given these discoveries, the application of small mammalian animal models in cancer studies has become a promising alternative for assessing CRPC due to the accessibility of numerous mouse strains with specific gene modifications [ 70 ]. A number of in vivo tumour propagation models, such as genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and 3D cultures of patient-derived PC cells (organoid or sphere cultures), have been established by researchers to circumvent the restrictions of PCa cell lines [ 71 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Erα and Erβ In Castration-resistant Prostate Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of ERα and ERβ in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches

et al. 2023

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Castration-resistant prostate cancer, or CRPC, is an aggressive stage of prostate cancer (PCa) in which PCa cells invade nearby or other parts of the body. When a patient with PCa goes through androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the cancer comes back or worsens, this is called CRPC. Instead of androgen-dependent signalling, recent studies show the involvement of the estrogen pathway through the regulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in CRPC development. Reduced levels of testosterone due to ADT lead to low ERβ functionality in inhibiting the proliferation of PCa cells. Additionally, ERα, which possesses androgen independence, continues to promote the proliferation of PCa cells. The functions of ERα and ERβ in controlling PCa progression have been studied, but further research is needed to elucidate their roles in promoting CRPC. Finding new ways to treat the disease and stop it from becoming worse will require a clear understanding of the molecular processes that can lead to CRPC. The current review summarizes the underlying processes involving ERα and ERβ in developing CRPC, including castration-resistant mechanisms after ADT and available medication modification in mitigating CRPC progression, with the goal of directing future research and treatment.

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“…1,2 The demand for three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models is steadily increasing, driven by the necessity to capture the intricate complexity of tumor biology and drug development more effectively compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. 2,3 3D culture systems provide a more realistic biochemical and biomechanical microenvironment, offering not only a comprehensive overview of tumor cell signaling in vivo but also enabling faithful reproduction of human tumor cell-matrix interactions in vitro . 4 Individual tumor cells integrate numerous external cues, including those from various extracellular matrix (ECM) structures, components, mechanical stimuli, and soluble signals from neighboring or distant cells, to generate their fundamental phenotype and adapt to changes in the microenvironment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward morphologically relevant extracellular matrix: nanofiber-hydrogel composites for tumor cell culture

Liu,

Ren,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model?

Cited by 17 publications

References 147 publications

Regulation of Interferon-β-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells

Regulation of Interferon-β-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells

The Role of ERα and ERβ in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Current Therapeutic Approaches

Toward morphologically relevant extracellular matrix: nanofiber-hydrogel composites for tumor cell culture

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