Modeling the critical MCOR-causing deletion in mouse unveils aberrantSox21expression in developing and adult iris and ciliary body, and implicatesTgfβ2in MCOR-associated glaucoma and myopia

Abstract

Congenital microcoria (MCOR) is a rare hereditary developmental defect of the iris dilator muscle, frequently associated with high axial myopia and high intraocular pressure (IOP) glaucoma. The condition is caused by submicroscopic rearrangements of chromosome 13q32.1. However, the mechanisms underlying the failure of iris development and the origin of associated features remain elusive. Here, we present a 3D architecture model of the 13q32.1 region, demonstrating that MCOR-related deletions consistently disrupt the boundary between two Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). Deleting the critical MCOR-causing region in mice reveals ectopicSox21expression precisely aligning withDct, each located in one of the two neighbor TADs. This observation is consistent with the TADs’ boundary alteration and adoption ofDctregulatory elements by theSox21promoter. Additionally, we identifyTgfb2as a target gene of SOX21 and show TGFB2 accumulation in the aqueous humor of a MCOR-affected patient. Accumulation of TGFB2 is recognized for its role in glaucoma and potential impact on axial myopia. Our results highlight the importance of SOX21-TGFB2 signaling in iris development and control of eye growth and IOP. Insights from congenital microcoria studies may provide therapeutic avenues for this condition but also for glaucoma and high myopia conditions, that affect millions of people.