“…This approach could be extended to treat the SOFA scores as a longitudinal outcome in a joint model for the longitudinal and survival processes. Indeed, joint models for longitudinal and survival data have been the focus of intense research over the past two decades (Tsiatis et al, 1995; Wang and Taylor, 2001; Ibrahim et al, 2001; Brown and Ibrahim, 2003; Tsiatis and Davidian, 2004; Yu et al, 2004; Hanson et al, 2011; Ibrahim et al, 2010; Rizopoulos, 2012). An advantage of this modeling strategy is that it would allow for dynamic prediction of mortality, i.e., the ability to estimate whether or not a person will survive their ICU stay while they are still in the hospital (Yu et al, 2008; Garre et al, 2008; Proust-Lima and Taylor, 2009; Rizopoulos, 2011).…”