Modeling the Sea Level Response of the Northern East China Sea to Different Types of Extratropical Cyclones

Abstract

An extratropical cyclone (ETC) is an approximately elliptical baroclinic cyclone that occurs in the middle and high latitudes of the extratropical zone. It is characterized by sudden generation, rapid development, fast moving speed, and a large area of influence (Huang et al., 2011). Within a short period of time, the surface air pressure at the cyclone center drops sharply and the wind speed around the cyclone increases sharply, up to seven or eight on the Beaufort scale. The size of an ETC is generally larger than that of tropical cyclone, with diameters ranging from hundreds of kilometers to 3,000 km.Abnormal sea level rise and fall caused by severe atmospheric disturbance, such as strong wind and sudden change of air pressure, is called storm surge. Storm surge is often a major component of marine disasters. Storm surges are usually divided into tropical storm surges caused by tropical cyclones and extratropical storm surges caused by ETCs and cold waves. Tropical storm surges often occur in middle and low latitudes, where they have a large effect on a small area (tens to hundreds square kilometers). Research has already been conducted on the influence of typhoon factors on storm surge. The influence of typhoon track and intensity on storm surge have been studied based on typhoon landing point, landing direction, and maximum wind speed (Orton

Variability Assessment of Global Extreme Coastal Sea Levels Using Altimetry Data

“…Additionally, Zhang and Sheng (2015) [43] provided 50-year return level total water levels for the northeast Pacific Ocean using the ocean circulation numerical model POM. Numerical models have also been extensively used to model the sea level variations generated by individual events [44]. Nevertheless, numerical simulations have not yet been able to accurately characterize the peak maximum values of ESLs, mainly due to the resolution of atmospheric forcings [42].…”

Study on the Cluster of Coastal Cities in China under the Influence of Storm Surges

“…Based on their different origins, they are classified into two main categories: temperate storm surges and typhoon storm surges. The northern seas of China have a higher incidence of temperate storm surges, while typhoon-induced storm surges affect almost the entire coastal region from summer to autumn [6][7]. The alarming impact of storm surges is widespread and intense.…”