Modeling the Sensitivity to Environmental Controls of the Late Pleistocene Lacustrine Delta Sequences in the Dead Sea Basin

Bartov, Y.; Stein, Mordechai; Enzel, Yehouda; Kendell, Christopher; Moore, Philip

doi:10.1306/13291399m953456

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Natural long‐term Holocene rates of lake‐level fall and occasional rises (long‐term means of 10 −2 m year −1 ; Fig. 3B; Bookman et al ., 2004), yet far exceeded the estimated ≤2 × 10 −3 m year −1 tectonic subsidence of the Dead Sea basin (Bookman et al ., 2006; Bowman et al ., 2007; Bartov et al ., 2012). In the past 40 years, Dead Sea level has lowered by more than 35 m, with the annual lake‐level decline increasing recently to over 1.2 m year −1 (Lensky et al ., 2005; Lensky & Dente, 2017).…”

Section: The Dead Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the depositional environments that deposited these strata are still active and can be compared directly to adjacent lithofacies in outcrop. The Dead Sea is also a closed active rift-margin basin that is evaporitic with its level being highly sensitive to climate fluctuations (Manspeizer, 1985;Eyal et al, 2002;Enzel et al, 2003;Bookman et al, 2004Bookman et al, , 2006Bartov et al, 2007Bartov et al, , 2012Torfstein & Enzel, 2017). This lake is thus prone to 10 0 to 10 1 m and centuary-scale base-level changes, hosts arid coastal environments sensitive to climate changes, and the source-to-sink system of the lake and flanking drainages is small and feasibly mappable (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

et al. 2023

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Late Holocene Dead Sea rift‐margin strata reveal century‐scale sequences. Sequences are known to form at millennial timescales, but whether they can form at scales as short as centuries (seventh‐order, sensu Vail et al., 1991) was previously unconfirmed. This study maps lithofacies and sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces from a ca 35 m high outcrop of the post‐1500 ad part of the Holocene falling‐stage wedge, and adjacent subaerial environments, along the Nahal Darga of the western Dead Sea coast, using drone images. The study also produces the first maps of subaqueous delta environments from remotely operated vehicle photographs. Comparison of outcrop and remotely operated vehicle data show that delta foresets form by debris‐flow lobes accreting onto the delta face. Debris lobes increase in size with depth, have sorted cobble heads, and stack compensationally. Debris lobes dewater to form mostly erosive turbidity currents that cut channels and obstacle scours down slope. Topsets comprising fluvial, beach‐ridge and lagoonal deposits prograde over these foresets. Surfaces separating foreset and topset elements of this Gilbert‐delta system bind systems tracts and record downstep and upstep of the shoreface associated with base‐level rises and falls. These surfaces match known lake‐level changes in the Dead Sea in magnitude, timing and direction. They confirm Medieval (ca 600 to 1300 ad) and Modern (ca 1300 ad to Modern) century‐scale sequences. These microsequences form in the Dead Sea because this climate‐sensitive lake can generate metres‐scale lake‐level cycles on century timescales, and because depositional systems can, as shown here, reestablish sufficiently rapidly (≤101 years) to record century‐scale cycles with complete systems tracts. Although conditions for generating microsequences are optimal in the Dead Sea, they are not unique. These microsequences pose a challenge to sequence stratigraphy because they typically fall below seismic resolution, may geometrically resemble higher‐order composite sequences and complicate defining of anchor sequences within a sequence hierarchy.

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Section: The Dead Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

et al. 2023

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Deltas: New paradigms

Zavala,

Arcuri,

Zorzano

et al. 2024

The Depositional Record

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Deltas are deposits directly accumulated by land‐generated gravity flows in a standing body of water. The paradigm of deltaic sedimentation has dramatically changed during recent years, from the popular very simplified ternary models of marine littoral deltas towards more realistic and comprehensive models, considering the importance of sediment‐laden river discharges. Ternary delta models were designed for clean rivers, where a stream flow drags the sediments. Depending on the basin dynamics, these littoral deposits can be modified, forming tidal‐dominated, wave‐dominated or fluvial‐dominated littoral deltas. In recent years, a new classification of delta systems was proposed, based on contrasting the salinity of the receiving water body with the bulk density of the incoming fluvial discharge. Rivers are highly dynamic systems, and their discharges can be very variable in terms of flow duration and sediment concentration. Additionally, the salinity of the receiving water body can exhibit significant variability, especially in closed lakes and epicontinental seas, ranging from freshwater to brines. This scenario allows the distinction of three major delta categories (hypopycnal, homopycnal and hyperpycnal deltas) which can be in turn subdivided, defining seven delta types. Hypopycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is lower than the density of the water in the basin, allowing the definition of three delta types, corresponding to hypersaline littoral deltas, marine littoral deltas and brackish littoral deltas. Homopycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is similar to the density of the water in the basin, defining a delta type termed homopycnal littoral deltas. Hyperpycnal deltas form when the bulk density of the incoming flow is higher than the density of the water in the basin, allowing the definition of three categories termed hyperpycnal littoral deltas, hyperpycnal subaqueous deltas and hyperpycnal fan deltas.

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Evaporitic–lacustrine mudstone laminites and prodelta mudlobes – continuity and change in the Hartmann's Valley interval, Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars

Schieber,

Bohacs,

Bish

et al. 2024

Sedimentology

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The sedimentary fill of Gale crater on Mars is dominated by lacustrine strata that are the focus of investigations into surface processes, climate change and habitability early in the planet's history. This study focuses on the lower part of the explored portion of the Murray formation on Aeolis Mons (Mount Sharp) in the Pahrump Hills and Hartmann's Valley field areas. At Pahrump Hills, sedimentary features and geochemical attributes of exposed mudstones suggest accumulation in an underfilled lake basin in which lake levels, shorelines and salinities fluctuated greatly at various temporal scales. The immediately superjacent stratigraphic interval, designated by the rover team as the Hartmann's Valley member, has previously been interpreted as an aeolian‐deposited sandstone interval. This fresh examination of all available data, however, suggests that the Hartmann's Valley member is strongly dominated by the same mudstone facies that compose most of the underlying Pahrump Hills member. The one novel facies element encountered in the Hartmann's Valley member are undulose bedded to convex bodies of mudstone that are oriented roughly north–south, suggestive of sediment supply from a northern fluvial source. Mudstones analogous in scale and character to these undulose mudstones occur on Earth in multiple modern and ancient lacustrine successions, and are related to deposition of prodelta mud lobes. The mudstones of the Hartmann's Valley member record a continuation of the underfilled evaporitive lake system proposed previously for the underlying Pahrump Hills member but with somewhat more variable environmental conditions. Hartmann's Valley mudstones contain more abundant matrix CaSO4, suggesting more severe evaporitic conditions, whereas the interbedded undulose bedded mudstones signify intermittent freshening and buildout of mud‐dominated deltas into the lake. The textural similarities between Pahrump Hills and Hartmann's Valley strata suggest that the Gale lacustrine system operated at a stable depositional mode with similar environmental parameters during both stratigraphic intervals.

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Modeling the Sensitivity to Environmental Controls of the Late Pleistocene Lacustrine Delta Sequences in the Dead Sea Basin

Cited by 3 publications

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Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

Deltas: New paradigms

Evaporitic–lacustrine mudstone laminites and prodelta mudlobes – continuity and change in the Hartmann's Valley interval, Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars

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