Modeling Transport Processes With Geoinformative Technologies

Abstract

Each type of transport is evaluated according to separate criteria and indicators of performance evaluation, which reflect different aspects of the organization of the transport process. At the same time, a number of common indicators can be identified that characterize the advantages and features of a particular mode of transport. Planning the work of the transport industry is to compile an annual (quarterly) plan of production and economic activities to break down the main indicators by month. This plan provides for the calculation of the production program (transportation plan), the volume of loading and unloading, the number of vehicles and machinery, the number of workers, wages, cost estimates and other indicators of transport. Analysis of the existing methods of planning the volume of traffic on road transport shows that most of the calculation methods are used, which do not provide a scientific basis for plans for the transportation of goods. To increase the scientific validity of cargo transportation plans are traditional methods planning worth it to supplement more wide range of economic and mathematical methods and forecasting methods. To date, more than 130 different methods, techniques and typical models are known, which are used or proposed for use in forecasting. In terms of the interdependence of past and future, there are two types of forecasts - research and intuitive. Research predictions are developed after studying systematic information about the state, behavior, and causes of changes in the predicted process and are based on rigorous mathematical methods that take into account the inertia of the process, while intuitive predictions usually have a large "horizon" for forecasting. becomes scientific or practical intuition. Nowadays, the following basic methods are distinguished: qualitative analysis, extrapolation, expert evaluations and modeling. The developed classification of forecasting methods allows to choose a certain method for forecasting the volume of traffic and other performance indicators of motor transport enterprises based on the analysis of the dynamics of the economic situation for the previous period. Forecasting the volume of traffic is based on the results of the analysis of the past, therefore, describes the perspective to the extent that it is determined by objectively stable phenomena and processes. In addition, the main methods and models of extrapolation are used. There are several classes of software that differ in their functionality and technological stages of processing geographic information. Software software are distributed on five the main classes used. The first, functionally most complete class of software is instrumental GIS. They can be designed for a variety of tasks: to organize the input of information (both cartographic and attributive), its storage, testing complex information requests, solving spatial analytical problems (corridors, environments, network tasks, etc.), construction of derivative maps and schemes operations) and for preparation of the conclusion on a firm carrier of original models of cartographic and schematic production. Typically, GIS tools support work with both raster and vector images, have a built-in database for digital basis and attribute information, or support for storing attribute information one of the common databases - Paradox, Access, Oracle and others. The second important class is the so-called GIS viewers, ie software products that provide the use of databases created using instrumental GIS. Typically, GIS viewers provide the user (if any) with extremely limited opportunities to replenish databases. All GIS viewers include tools for querying databases that perform positioning and scaling operations on cartographic images. Viewers are always part of medium and large projects, reducing the cost of creating a certain part of jobs that are not provided with the rights to replenish databases. ESRI's ArcGIS software line stands out among other GIS packages with advanced modeling tools based on geodata and spatial analysis. This line is used to comprehensively solve large-scale problems of the transport industry. Intermodal freight transport is receiving increased attention as congestion, environmental and traffic safety issues remain unresolved. The strategic importance of speed and ingenuity in securing the supply chain forces firms to reconsider traditional logistics services. As a result, researchers are growing interested in the problems of intermodal freight transport. The success of many companies depends on the use of transport networks that move goods and cargo. GIS is used to solve the problem of transportation, which is reduced to finding (finding) the optimal route of transportation by the existing transport architecture of the region. The road network can be represented as a high-level spatial geometric object, and the task of finding the optimal route is to search on the graph of interconnected sections of the network that meet the specified initial conditions. All information that affects the selection of links of the route, namely: the attributes of cargo, vehicle, transport infrastructure - must also be taken into account. This combination of the use of spatial and attributive data is the scope of geographic information systems. The purpose of the geographic information system of freight is to improve the quality of road freight, the efficiency of decisions, the "validity" of the existing routes of freight, reducing the number of errors of a subjective nature. For each object on the map you can get detailed reference information. It is enough to point the mouse to the object of interest - and in the pop-up dialog will appear information not only about him but also about other objects within it. Thus, in the case of setting different transport parameters, GIS is able to build several alternative route options, which can be further evaluated in terms of cost and on the basis of the obtained data to decide on the final route. In the process of working with the geographic information system, the end user accumulates data on successfully constructed routes and the initial conditions for the construction of these routes in the knowledge base for further reuse of this information under similar conditions. In terms of architecture, the most popular and competitive option for developing a geographic information system is a geographic information service that allows users to work through an Internet browser from personal computers and is an application for mobile devices.