The use of artificial intelligence in different parts of human life is becoming inevitable and it is expected that in the near future, the range of artificial intelligence applications will include all service, industrial, research, and educational activities. Providing a solution or performance enhancement in research and industrial activities, considering that these activities contain lots of dependent parameters with formulated/non-formulated correlations, is always a challenge for researchers. The recent approach of researchers in using statistical data and applying techniques based on artificial intelligence is a promising solution that provides the desired answers more quickly and accurately. The automobile industry and internal combustion engines have also benefited from the advantages of artificial intelligence in order to improve their performance and efficiency. Among the most important developments and achievements of this approach, we can mention real-time modeling, optimization and intelligent control, new fuel combinations, fault detection systems, and self-driving vehicles. Therefore, in this chapter, the recent research and industrial achievements of diesel engines due to the use of artificial intelligence techniques will be discussed.