Modelling acid attack on concrete: Part I. The essential mechanisms

Beddoe, R.E.; Dorner, H.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.04.002

Cited by 213 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This leads to a very low pH (<1) hot-acid attack on the cement sheath (Alexander et al, 2013;Lichti and Yanagisawa, 2015;Villasenor and Vicedo, 2010). The degradation of Portland cement by acid proceeds through decalcification of portlandite followed by calcium loss from calcium-silicate hydrate phases at a pH below about 12·4, causing an increase in porosity and decrease in mechanical strength (Beddoe and Dorner, 2005;Glasser et al, 2008;Gutberlet et al, 2015;Kudowski, 2004;Puertas et al, 2012;Zivica, 2004). The acid diffusivity through the calcium-depleted hydrates is of an order of magnitude higher than that through the original material (Bentz and Garboczi, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acid diffusivity through the calcium-depleted hydrates is of an order of magnitude higher than that through the original material (Bentz and Garboczi, 1992). The calcium is replaced by acid protons linking the silicate chains and leaving just a silica residue at a pH below about 2 (Beddoe and Dorner, 2005;Chen et al, 2004;Haga et al, 2002). In the geothermal industry, silica polymerisation caused by low-pH environments is a known problem (Lichti and Yanagisawa, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The iron-and aluminium-containing hydrates of Portland cement dissolve slower and at lower pH values than calcium hydrates (Beddoe and Dorner, 2005), so the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to Portland cement has been tested and shown to improve the cement's acid resistance by lowering the calcium content and decreasing porosity (Al-Akhras, 2006;Bakharev 2005;Bakharev et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2005;Ouyang et al, 1988). In the case of attack by sulfate ions, SCMs also help to preserve matrix integrity since they do not form expanding reaction products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid resistance of calcium aluminate cement–fly ash F blends

Pyatina

Sugama

2016

Advances in Cement Research

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The short-term resistance to sulfuric acid at 90°C of four calcium aluminate cement (CAC)-fly ash class F (FAF) blends activated with sodium metasilicate (thermal shock resistant cements (TSRCs)), cured at 300°C, was compared to that of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) (CAC-FAF blend activated with sodium hexametaphosphate) and a Portland cement class G/silica blend. The mechanical properties and compositions of the acid-exposed samples were evaluated by measuring their compressive strength and by means of x-ray diffraction, μEDX (energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry), thermogravimetric and Fourier transform infrared analyses. All calcium-containing hydrates were sensitive to the conditions of acid exposure. In the TSRC blends, these hydrates included hydrogrossular, feldspar family minerals and zeolites; in CPC, feldspar minerals and phosphate phases; and in the class G/silica blend, portlandite and tobermorite.Crystalline calcium sulfates formed in the acid-exposed surfaces with the exception of the most aluminium-rich TSRC samples where only potassium(sodium) aluminium sulfate, alunite, was detected. This sample underwent the least changes in weight, compressive strength and had the lowest sulfur permeation into the sample core. Calcium sulfates precipitated on sample surfaces limited sulfur penetration into the core of calcium-rich TSRC, CPC and G/silica blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid resistance of calcium aluminate cement–fly ash F blends

Pyatina

Sugama

2016

Advances in Cement Research

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“…The reader can find details on civil-engineering aspects concerning concrete-corrosion issues when acid attack is involved, for instance, in [2][3][4][5][6][7]. We particularly like [2] for the clear exposition of the phenomenology and for the enumeration of the main mechanisms influencing acid corrosion.…”

Section: A Few Comments On Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We particularly like [2] for the clear exposition of the phenomenology and for the enumeration of the main mechanisms influencing acid corrosion. A standard reference work concerning cement chemistry is [8].…”

Section: A Few Comments On Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenization of a reaction–diffusion system modeling sulfate corrosion of concrete in locally periodic perforated domains

Fatima¹,

Arab²,

Zemskov

et al. 2010

J Eng Math

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A reaction-diffusion system modeling concrete corrosion in sewer pipes is discussed. The system is coupled, semi-linear, and partially dissipative. It is defined on a locally periodic perforated domain with nonlinear Robin-type boundary conditions at water-air and solid-water interfaces. Asymptotic homogenization techniques are applied to obtain upscaled reaction-diffusion models together with explicit formulae for the effective transport and reaction coefficients. It is shown that the averaged system contains additional terms appearing due to the deviation of the assumed geometry from a purely periodic distribution of perforations for two relevant parameter regimes: (a) all diffusion coefficients are of order of O(1) and (b) all diffusion coefficients are of order of O(ε 2 ) except the one for H 2 S(g) which is of order of O(1). In case (a) a set of macroscopic equations is obtained, while in case (b) a two-scale reaction-diffusion system is derived that captures the interplay between microstructural reaction effects and the macroscopic transport.

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Acid Neutralization Capacity of Metakaolin‐based Geopolymers

Ukrainczyk,

Koenders

2023

ce papers

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A titration method is used to analyse the acid neutralization/consumption capacity (ANC) of cement binders, which involves plotting the steady‐state pH against the amount of acid added to a diluted suspension of hardened cement samples. Despite ANC being employed for several decades, there is no reported application of ANC for metakaolin‐based geopolymers. This study compares the resistance of metakaolin geopolymers to acetic acid and hydrochloric acid with that of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) and Portland Cement (PC). The proposed ANC test setup involves small acid dosage steps using an auto‐titrator, resulting in a high‐resolution titration curve. The effect of binder chemical composition on acid resistance is evaluated through cumulative and differential ANC analysis, providing a new rapid approach to evaluate the durability of geopolymers in low pH environments.

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Modelling acid attack on concrete: Part I. The essential mechanisms

Cited by 213 publications

References 10 publications

Acid resistance of calcium aluminate cement–fly ash F blends

Acid resistance of calcium aluminate cement–fly ash F blends

Homogenization of a reaction–diffusion system modeling sulfate corrosion of concrete in locally periodic perforated domains

Acid Neutralization Capacity of Metakaolin‐based Geopolymers

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