“…CE practices are divided into three main dimensions, including internal environmental management (Schmidt et al, 2021), environmentally friendly design (Zhu et al, 2011) and company assets management and recovery (Zhu et al, 2011). First, internal environmental management is the preparation of environmentally-oriented procedures, such as green human resource management practices (Marrucci et al, 2021;Bag et al, 2021), training and development programs (Persis et al, 2021) and environmental-based performance evaluation systems (Zhu et al, 2011) and supporting organizational environmental objectives (Yadegaridehkordi et al, 2023), building environmental ethics (York, 2009) and improving ecological performance (Lin et al, 2015;Parker et al, 2009;Pimenova and Van der Vorst, 2004). Second, eco-design describes the product design process considering environmental impacts (Lozano, 2012) and is an effective strategy to achieve eco-efficiency (Polverini, 2021;Dalhammar et al, 2021).…”