Modelling and analysis of simulated lightning strike tests: A review

Modelling and understanding edge glow effects on material failure resulting from artificial lightning strike

“…A number of authors [1], [5], [7], [8], [14], [16], [37]- [39] have attempted to predict the measured results from Hirano et al [4] using thermal-electric simulations, with each simulation building on the last, attempting to better predict the experimental results. In all of these works the electrical potential boundary conditions at the bottom and side surfaces of the specimen are set to zero [17].…”

“…Thermal damage within thermal-electric simulations has been defined using either temperature points or fields [17]. Ogasawara et al [5] used 300 and 500 o C temperature fields to compare predicted simulation damage depth with experimental delamination area.…”

“…Ogasawara et al [5] used 300 and 500 o C temperature fields to compare predicted simulation damage depth with experimental delamination area. However, issues and inconsistences with this approach have been noted [17], [40]. The alternative approach, used most recently in literature [8], [14], [17], compares predicted surface temperature contours from simulations with experimental surface damage results.…”

“…However, issues and inconsistences with this approach have been noted [17], [40]. The alternative approach, used most recently in literature [8], [14], [17], compares predicted surface temperature contours from simulations with experimental surface damage results. Foster et al [8] defined two damage zones; 'moderate damage' which was characterised by resin thermal decomposition and was correlated with the 300 o C simulation contour and 'severe damage' which was characterised by char residue resulting from resin thermal decomposition, frayed or fractured fibres and fibre blow out and was correlated with the 500 o C contour.…”

“…Little simulation research has focussed on this edge glow phenomenon, its causes, or the impact of such variable edge behaviour on model boundary conditions. Rather, simulations have routinely applied constant ground boundary conditions to both the bottom and side surfaces of the specimen [5], [6], [15]- [17], [7]- [14] to replicate the experimentally observed edge glow discharge from specimen edges [4], [5], despite the modelled experiments only including bottom surface grounding. Yao et al [18] modelled the experimental arrangement of Feraboli and Miller [19] by applying the zero potential boundary conditions to two opposing edges.…”