Modelling and Evaluating Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the Multiple-Source Scenario of Using IoT HF RFID Readers

Zradziński, Patryk

doi:10.3390/ijerph19063274

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In particular, it has the potential to improve treatment outcomes by providing customized treatment methods to patients with various neurological diseases such as epilepsy and depression. As shown in Figure 22, it is perceivable that the development and use of implantable medical devices such as the electroceutical will play an important role in future medicine [30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Verification Of Prototype With Second Animal Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a New Vagus Nerve Simulation Electroceutical to Improve the Signal Attenuation in a Living Implant Environment

Jo,

Lee,

Jang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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An electroceutical is a medical device that uses electrical signals to control biological functions. It can be inserted into the human body as an implant and has several crucial advantages over conventional medicines for certain diseases. This research develops a new vagus nerve simulation (VNS) electroceutical through an innovative approach to overcome the communication limitations of existing devices. A phased array antenna with a better communication performance was developed and applied to the electroceutical prototype. In order to effectively respond to changes in communication signals, we developed the steering algorithm and firmware, and designed the smart communication protocol that operates at a low power that is safe for the patients. This protocol is intended to improve a communication sensitivity related to the transmission and reception distance. Based on this technical approach, the heightened effectiveness and safety of the prototype have been ascertained, with the actual clinical tests using live animals. We confirmed the signal attenuation performance to be excellent, and a smooth communication was achieved even at a distance of 7 m. The prototype showed a much wider communication range than any other existing products. Through this, it is conceivable that various problems due to space constraints can be resolved, hence presenting many benefits to the patients whose last resort to the disease is the VNS electroceutical.

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Section: Verification Of Prototype With Second Animal Clinical Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of a New Vagus Nerve Simulation Electroceutical to Improve the Signal Attenuation in a Living Implant Environment

Jo,

Lee,

Jang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…The analyses of the electromagnetic field distribution and the standard working conditions of RFID transponders, necessary for their excitation, are presented in [43][44][45][46][47], and the electromagnetic field of the RFID reader is described in [48]. The possible destruction of RFID transponders and cards by a strong magnetic field with an intensity of more than 12 A/m is mentioned in [49].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Contactless Identification Card Immunity against a Current Pulse in an Adjacent Conductor

Vestenický,

Hruboš,

Kolla

2023

Electronics

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This paper analyses the possibility of damaging and destroying an identification chip of the Mifare type in a frequently used contactless identification card of size ID-1, following the standard ISO/IEC 7810 (i.e., with dimensions 85.60 × 53.98 × 0.76 mm), using the magnetic field of an adjacent conductor in which a current pulse of a defined shape and amplitude is flowing. For analysis purposes, the nonlinear current–voltage characteristic of the Mifare chip voltage limiter was measured and approximated, and the mutual inductance of the straight conductor and the rectangle coil antenna in the card was calculated. Next, a mathematical analysis was conducted based on the description of the equivalent electrical circuit by the differential equations. The results of the mathematical analysis were verified by a simulation in the free simulation software Micro-Cap 12. The peak value of the current pulse that can damage the Mifare chip was measured by a combination wave generator. Based on these measurements and the chip characteristics, the energy capable of destroying the chip was calculated. The characteristics of chip damage were determined using a comparison of the resonant characteristics of undamaged and damaged RFID cards with Mifare chips.

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“…Due to the declared near-range nature of communication between the RFID card and the reader [24] (during the experiments carried out in the laboratory, the maximum communication range d was determined to be no more than 10 cm), attempts were made to receive signals from the card at longer distances, which was aimed at determining the real safety of this solution from the point of view of electromagnetic information penetration.…”

Section: Improve Signal Quality and Extend Communication Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Safety of Short-Range Radio Frequency Identification Systems

Musial,

Firlej,

Kubiak

et al. 2023

Electronics

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The intensive development of information and telecommunications technology has a very large impact on society. On the one hand, it greatly facilitates many activities in everyday life, such as searching for information, establishing contacts with other people, or controlling household appliances at a distance. On the other hand, it poses serious threats to our personal data, the information we process, or our property. One of the examples of such threats may be radio identification systems, enabling the registration of working time, entry into restricted zones in workplaces and offices, or warehouse data. Copying data from an identification card may allow unauthorized persons access to premises and data that they should not have. The article presents the principles of operation, the results of the conducted research, and their analysis in the aspect of security of the short-range radio frequency identification systems used in relation to the RFID 125 kHz system, broadly used in access control systems or time and attendance systems. Particular attention has been paid to the possibility of unauthorized acquisition of information contained in the identification card in order to, for example, copy it and gain access to specific protected zones. An analysis of the security of such systems was carried out not only in relation to the data carriers themselves but also to complete access control systems installed in buildings. The research focused especially on the ability to determine the range of information penetration, i.e., the distance of remote information acquisition using electromagnetic radiated emissions.

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Modelling and Evaluating Electromagnetic Field Exposure in the Multiple-Source Scenario of Using IoT HF RFID Readers

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The Development of a New Vagus Nerve Simulation Electroceutical to Improve the Signal Attenuation in a Living Implant Environment

The Development of a New Vagus Nerve Simulation Electroceutical to Improve the Signal Attenuation in a Living Implant Environment

Evaluation of Contactless Identification Card Immunity against a Current Pulse in an Adjacent Conductor

Electromagnetic Safety of Short-Range Radio Frequency Identification Systems

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