Modelling and simulation of downdraft biomass gasifier: Issues and challenges

Naaz, Zeba; Ravi, M.R.; Kohli, Sangeeta

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2022.106483

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, a comparison was made in the literature of Naaz et al 31 between the temperature distribution during operation of the downdraft gasifier (data measured by Sutar 32 ) and the results of numerical simulations. Sutar's experiments showed a temperature increase of 450 °C in approximately 2750 s in the lower part of the char partial combustion zone inside the gasifier with a heating rate of 9.8 K/ min, which is comparable to the heating rate of 10 K/min in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Koido,

Hoshi,

Sato

2023

Energy Fuels

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Pruned branches (PBs) from fruit trees are the only woody biomass produced in agriculture in Japan and are thus considered a local resource. Yet, the use of fruit-tree PBs to produce energy on a small scale has not been investigated. Here, fuel characteristics of PB char were studied considering its use in gasification for heat and power generation, and a gas−solid reaction model was proposed to describe the CO 2 gasification of char produced from PBs. The reaction rate patterns generated during the CO 2 gasification of the studied char can be broadly classified into those associated with cultivated fruit-tree PBs, park tree PBs, and timber waste. The porous structure of the char indicated that the CO 2 molecules diffused into the pores via Knudsen diffusion, and fruit-tree PBs had a smaller average pore diameter but a higher Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area. In addition, the extended modified random pore model (eMRPM) was proposed as a new gas−solid reaction model. This model describes the peak of gasification rate at the end of gasification more accurately than conventional models. Furthermore, higher K and Ca contents in char resulted in a higher degree of correlation between the eMRPM and experimental data at 800 °C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Koido,

Hoshi,

Sato

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The fuel was wood waste with characteristics shown in Table 1. Methods of analysis and the definitions commonly used in the gasification studies are available in various previous publications by the author [99,114,119,123,[154][155][156][157] and some recent comprehensive reviews, which are also useful for comparative gasifier performance [160][161][162]. The Equivalence Ratio (ER) was ER = 0.25, which represents the ratio of oxygen in the air intake and the stochiometric oxygen required for complete combustion.…”

Section: Performance Of a Large-scale Down-draft Fixed-bed Biomass Ga...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

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“…First of all, the authors of the present paper investigated the status of biomass gasification modeling in the literature and selected some of the most relevant review papers [22,[31][32][33]. The authors noticed that there had not been a comprehensive study taking into account and discussing kinetic, thermodynamic, CFD, multivariate data analysis (MVDA) and ANN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Biomass Gasification: From Thermodynamics to Process Simulations

Marcantonio,

Di Paola,

De Falco

et al. 2023

Energies

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Biomass gasification has obtained great interest over the last few decades as an effective and trustable technology to produce energy and fuels with net-zero carbon emissions. Moreover, using biomass waste as feedstock enables the recycling of organic wastes and contributing to circular economy goals, thus reducing the environmental impacts of waste management. Even though many studies have already been carried out, this kind of process must still be investigated and optimized, with the final aim of developing industrial plants for different applications, from hydrogen production to net-negative emission strategies. Modeling and development of process simulations became an important tool to investigate the chemical and physical behavior of plants, allowing raw optimization of the process and defining heat and material balances of plants, as well as defining optimal geometrical parameters with cost- and time-effective approaches. The present review paper focuses on the main literature models developed until now to describe the biomass gasification process, and in particular on kinetic models, thermodynamic models, and computational fluid dynamic models. The aim of this study is to point out the strengths and the weakness of those models, comparing them and indicating in which situation it is better to use one approach instead of another. Moreover, theoretical shortcut models and software simulations not explicitly addressed by prior reviews are taken into account. For researchers and designers, this review provides a detailed methodology characterization as a guide to develop innovative studies or projects.

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Modelling and simulation of downdraft biomass gasifier: Issues and challenges

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Modeling of Biomass Gasification: From Thermodynamics to Process Simulations

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Modelling and simulation of downdraft biomass gasifier: Issues and challenges

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO2: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO2: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Modeling of Biomass Gasification: From Thermodynamics to Process Simulations

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Product

Resources

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Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model

Hardwood Branch Char Gasification with CO₂: Characterization of Reactivity and Proposal of a Semiempirical Kinetic Model