Modelling behavioural change from sea-based ‘helicopter latrines’ to land-based shared improved latrines in the Demaan, Jepara, Indonesia

Abstract

The government of Indonesia pursued a slum-upgrading programme from 2011 to 2018 which included replacing ‘helicopter latrines’ with shared improved latrines. However, these latrines have not been fully utilised by slum dwellers yet. This study aimed to construct a model of behaviour change to urge people to switch from using helicopter latrines to using shared improved latrines through the process of community empowerment. A qualitative research method was conducted. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were deployed to select study participants. Data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The results showed that the challenge in improving communities' sanitation behaviour can be answered with a bottom-up approach that integrates tangible and intangible elements. These elements have the dimensions of form, meaning and activity. Form is a tangible element namely shared improved latrine building that is physically acceptable to the community. Meaning and activity are intangible elements. Meaning involves the cognitive aspects to create a sense of ownership and action from affective aspects involves the activity of using the latrines. To improve the sanitation conditions, governments should involve the community in every activity, empower the community through education campaigns, and conduct supervision until the community can be independent.

Trends of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Research in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

“…It dominates themes in hygiene (66%), combination (63%), and sanitation (40%) (Figure 3). The most common social research topic was the social-economic or behavioral determinants of the WASH access or behavior, e.g., [9,10]. This indicates that understanding the behavioral drivers of WASH practice is the core of WASH research in Indonesia.…”

“…The social theme is common in the WASH research in Indonesia, which is dominated by finding the drivers or determinants of WASH practice. However, based on our review, there were only two scientific articles, e.g., [10,35] that discuss behavior change interventions in Indonesia, whereas it is important to learn the lessons on how to change community behavior in WASH. Furthermore, based on our observation, behavioral change intervention is one of the cores of activity of many WASH-related non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Indonesia.…”

Sustainability of Slum Upgraded Area, Case of Mojosongo, Surakarta, Indonesia

“…First, by implementing locational and social relationships between community and environment [22]. Second, by implementing the maintenance to 1111 (2022) 012037 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012037 4 improve the quality of environment [26]. The success of the sustainability of slum management should be able to provide changes in the behavior and mindset of the community [27].…”

“…Community capacity building also requires innovation, creativity, and technology to achieve a sustainable environment [22,29]. Increasing community capacity via empowerment is expected to facilitate community capacity building, access to productive resources, and participation actively in decision-making [26].…”

“…Figure 1 is a diagram of the challenges of sustainable Mojosongo Housing development. The decreasing quality of the environment, the low level of education, and the community's economy in Mojosongo Housing are challenges for the local government to formulate directions and maintenance for sustainable development in slum [26,30]. The decreasing environmental quality in Mojosongo Housing is caused by sidewalks used for selling activities, and house expansion in public spaces.…”