Modelling From the Past: The Leaning Soutwest Tower Of
Caerphilly Castle 1539-2015

Prizeman, Oriel Elizabeth Clare; Sarhosis, Vasilis; D’Alri, A. M.; Whitman, Christopher; Muratore, G.

doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w2-221-2017

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1 shows the southwest leaning ruined tower of the Caerphilly castle. The tower has been in a ruined and leaning condition for several centuries [8,44]. The tower is approximately 17 m tall.…”

Section: The Leaning Tower Of Caerphilly Castle Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

D’Altri

Miranda

Castellazzi

et al. 2018

Automation in Construction

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This paper introduces an automatic, powerful and easy to use procedure for undertaking stability analyses of leaning historic masonry structures, based on an upper bound finite element limit analysis (FELA) approach. The procedure proposed here consists of a comprehensive workflow which involves the automatic point cloud manipulation, the 3D mesh generation of the actual geometry for structural purposes (e.g. FE mesh), and a two-step FELA that reduces drastically optimization variables assuming only active few elements inside a restricted processing zone. To generalize the Heyman's intuition to complex real geometries, the use of a 3D upper bound FELA with a recursive kernel of variables reduction becomes necessary for a precise evaluation of the limit inclination that makes the structure collapse under gravity loads. This outcome permits to estimate the structural health condition of a historic structure by comparing the critical inclination angle with the actual one. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the automated procedure, the southwest leaning tower of the Caerphilly castle (Wales, UK) is investigated and failure mechanisms with collapse inclination angles are evaluated through FELA. The proposed procedure presents a high degree of automation at each operational level and, hence, could be effectively used to assess the stability of historic structures at a national scale and provide useful information to asset owners to classify the structural health condition of leaning historic masonry structures in their care.

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Section: The Leaning Tower Of Caerphilly Castle Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2014, a detailed survey of the southwest tower commissioned to document its health condition [44]. A total of 27 scans were surveyed using a FARO focus 3D X130 terrestrial laser scanner.…”

Section: The Leaning Tower Of Caerphilly Castle Ukmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

D’Altri

Miranda

Castellazzi

et al. 2018

Automation in Construction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The southwest leaning tower of the Caerphilly tower located in South Wales, UK (Figure 4a) and was employed to evaluate the proposed framework. Caerphilly is one of the largest castles in Europe [37] and the second largest in the UK [38]. It is believed to be leaning because of the lack of foundation strength and stiffness which was induced by dewatering in the 18th Century.…”

Section: The Southwest Leaning Tower Of Caerphilly Castlementioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling of Rubble Masonry Structures From Geospatial Data

Kassotakis,

Sarhosis,

Pillai

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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This paper presents a framework for the three-dimensional structural analysis of full-scale, geometrically irregular discontinuum structures such as rubble masonry, directly from geospatial data. A convex decomposition algorithm is adopted, whereby a watertight mesh is subdivided into so-called voronoi blocks which approximate the anisotropic nature of the rubble masonry for structural analysis. The proposed "Voronoi4DEM" framework was implemented to assess the structural stability of the southwest leaning tower of Caerphilly Castle in Wales, UK. Simulations were performed with the three-dimensional computational software 3DEC, based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) of analysis whilst each voronoi block of the rubble masonry was represented as a rigid, distinct block while mortar joints were modelled as zero thickness interfaces which can open and close depending on the magnitude and direction of the stresses applied to them. The innovation of this framework lies in the specific geometric strategy which approximates the random nature of discontinuous materials at a blockbased level (such as rubble) with sufficient accuracy, whilst vastly reducing computational times. Consequently, the approach can simulate the highly complex behaviour of rubble masonry structures with a high degree of efficiency, geometric accuracy, and automation. It is anticipated that the methodology proposed here to enable unprecedented high-level numerical modelling (block-based numerical modelling) of full-scale rubble masonry structures with, until now, unemployed techniques such as the DEM.

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“…in [11][12][13][14]). [15][16][17] have demonstrated the importance of the tower inclination in their seismic assessment, while the influence of the surrounding buildings has been studied in [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fe Pushover Analyses of a 20th-Century Masonry Chimney in Spain: Collapse Behavior and Numerical Uncertainties

Iasio¹,

Adam²

2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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The seismic vulnerability of masonry chimneys is a critical research topic, and it has an important role in the preservation of such kind of structural type. Indeed, masonry chimneys have a very high seismic vulnerability and are sometimes located in high seismic hazard zones. Researches about this topic have become even more frequent in the last decades. However, the results are still limited, and further studies are needed. This paper aims to study the seismic behaviour of a 20th-century masonry chimney located in Spain, focusing on its ultimate behaviour. In particular, various FE pushover analyses have been carried out in Abaqus/CAE using a quite accurate 3D model of the chimney. The pushover analyses have been made along the four principal directions, and both G1 and G2 load distributions have been applied. The material properties have been chosen according to previous studies carried out on similar structures because no specific experimental data were available. The obtained capacity curves have been compared with each other, and the main weak points of the chimney have been pointed out. Finally, a sensitivity analysis has been done to better understand the influence of the viscosity parameter on the pushover results in terms of ultimate capacity and computational effort. The latter one is an input value of the Concrete Damage Plasticity model, an Abaqus built-in material model, widely used to represent the non-linear behaviour of masonry structures.

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Modelling From the Past: The Leaning Soutwest Tower Of Caerphilly Castle 1539-2015

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

Stability analysis of leaning historic masonry structures

Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modelling of Rubble Masonry Structures From Geospatial Data

Fe Pushover Analyses of a 20th-Century Masonry Chimney in Spain: Collapse Behavior and Numerical Uncertainties

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