Modelling norms for autonomous agents

López, Fabiola López y; Lück, Michael

doi:10.1109/enc.2003.1232900

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As has been suggested by many (e.g., [7,8,11,16,23,33,37]), norms provide a valuable mechanism for regulating or constraining human societies. Perhaps the most obvious and clear manifestation of norms is when they arise through the explicit introduction of laws that are established by legislatures, for example, or through rules or bye-laws of smaller groups such as member clubs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing norms with metanorms in distributed computational systems

et al. 2015

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Norms provide a valuable mechanism for establishing coherent cooperative behaviour in decentralised systems in which there is no central authority. One of the most influential formulations of norm emergence was proposed by Axelrod [2]. This paper provides an empirical analysis of aspects of Axelrod's approach, by exploring some of the key assumptions made in previous evaluations of the model. We explore the dynamics of norm emergence and the occurrence of norm collapse when applying the model over extended durations. It is this phenomenon of norm collapse that can motivate the emergence of a central authority to enforce laws and so preserve the norms, rather than relying on individuals to punish defection. Our findings identify characteristics that significantly influence norm establishment using Axelrod's formulation, but are likely to be of importance for norm establishment more generally. Moreover, Axelrod's model suffers from significant limitations in assuming that private strategies of individuals are available to others, and that agents are omniscient in being aware of all norm violations and punishments. Because this is an unreasonable expectation, the approach does not lend itself to modelling real-world systems such as online networks or electronic markets. In response, the paper proposes alternatives to Axelrod's model, by replacing the evolutionary approach, enabling agents to learn, and by restricting the metapunishment of agents to cases where the original defection is observed, in order to be able to apply the model to real-world domains. This work

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing norms with metanorms in distributed computational systems

et al. 2015

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“…At other times, patterns of behaviour are specified through goals that must either be satisfied or avoided by agents (Conte and Castelfranchi, 1995;Singh, 1999). Now, since actions are performed in order to change the state of an environment, goals are states that agents want to bring about, and restrictions can be seen as goals to be avoided, we argue that by considering goals the other two patterns of behaviour can be easily represented (as shown in (López and Luck, 2003)). …”

Section: Norm Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there must be a separate instance for each addressee of a norm. Due to space constraints, formal definitions and examples of categories of norms, norm instances and fulfilled norms are not provided here but can be found elsewhere (López and Luck, 2003).…”

Section: Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A normative framework for agent-based systems

López

Lück

d’Inverno

2006

Comput Math Organiz Theor

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One of the key issues in the computational representation of open societies relates to the introduction of norms that help to cope with the heterogeneity, the autonomy and the diversity of interests among their members. Research regarding this issue presents two omissions. One is the lack of a canonical model of norms that facilitates their implementation, and that allows us to describe the processes of reasoning about norms. The other refers to considering, in the model of normative multi-agent systems, the perspective of individual agents and what they might need to effectively reason about the society in which they participate. Both are the concerns of this paper, and the main objective is to present a formal normative framework for agent-based systems.

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“…We take norms to be obligations, prohibitions and permissions that constrain and guide behaviour [15,1]. We consider prohibitions as negative obligations: one is obliged to see to it that the prohibited action or state does not occur.…”

Section: Organisational Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Impact of Norms upon Organisational Performance: A Simulation Approach

Haynes

Miles

Lück

2014

Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems IX

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Abstract. Normative organisations use norms to guide and constrain agent behaviour in order to facilitate cooperation. Norms and their associated enforcement strategies are chosen to further organisational goals, but the effect that a norm has upon organisational performance may change over time in a dynamic environment and behaviour that is desirable in one environment may come to be harmful in another. In this paper we seek to answer the question -how can an organisation detect when a norm is no longer supporting its goals? Specifically, how can it monitor the impact of a norm upon its performance? This paper has three contributions: first, we detail a model which relates an organisation's norms to its performance, second, we propose a mechanism for monitoring the impact of a norm upon that performance using a simulation approach, and finally we describe an implementation of our mechanism.

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Modelling norms for autonomous agents

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Establishing norms with metanorms in distributed computational systems

Establishing norms with metanorms in distributed computational systems

A normative framework for agent-based systems

Monitoring the Impact of Norms upon Organisational Performance: A Simulation Approach

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