Modelling of the competitive activities of qualified female short-distance runners, taking into account their individual characteristics

Abstract

Purpose: to develop an individual model of competitive activity of qualified female runners to achieve the planned sports result of 100 m. Material: for qualified athletes (n = 88), using video-computer analysis, individual characteristics of speed dynamics in running for 100m and kinematic parameters of running for different distances were recorded. The tensodynamograms of the manifestation of the strength of muscle groups carrying the main load in the structure of the sprint run of 18 short-distance runners of various qualifications were recorded and processed. Results: promising models of competitive activity in the 100m race for the planned sports result have been developed. Based on the model of a specific athlete, the main areas of work are determined, means and methods of training effects are selected. Conclusions: Practical realization of the developed model provided the necessary increase in indicators. This made it possible for female athletes (n = 8, age 19-21 years) to improve the average result in running the main distance (compared with the previous year) by 0.18 s.

The influence of athletics on the development of speed abilities of younger adolescents

“…Вчені [6,9] дослідили наявність достатньо високої кількості дітей з низьким рівнем фізичного розвитку, дефіцитом маси тіла, хронічними психічними розладами тощо. Спеціальними дослідженнями [6,7,8,9,11] встановлено, що вік 11-12 років є найбільш придатними для розвитку різних проявів швидкісних здібностей. Тому, виходячи з біологічних закономірностей розвитку прудкості у дітей і підлітків, на цьому етапі рекомендується всебічно розвивати власне швидкісні і швидкісно-силові здібності.…”

The Influence of the Level of Speed-Power Preparation on the Result in Running on Short Distances of Athletes of Different Result Groups

“…This happens because the process of development of speed-strength qualities in a sprinter takes place in close connection with the improvement of other motor qualities (strength, speed, special endurance), general physical fitness in combination with the formation of a rational running technique [1,7,11,13,16,21,31,35]. Means of special strength training are of great importance in the sprinter's sports training system [3,5,9,10,18,22,33]. Such means of training are, firstly, ensure that the formation of a structure of the athlete's physical fitness corresponds to the specificity of the external relations of his body, and, secondly, in their influence, they should correspond to the athlete's mode of activity in the specialized exercise [4,17,20,24,30,38].…”

“…In the process of performing high-speed running, a sprinter repeatedly has to overcome the body weight resistance. This requires a sprinter to have a great manifestation of special strength in the work of muscles while running [2,25,31,33]. According to many authors, a great place in the sports training of sprinters should be given to the development of speed-strength qualities [3,4,6,8,11,16,35].…”

“…Indicators in the same tests for a first-class athlete are respectively 0,2-0,5 and 4 meters higher. And the outstanding sprinter Long jumps, triple and tenfold jumps from the standing position are closely related to the speed of running at various segments of the hundred-meter distance [2,16,17,33]. Moreover, according to some experts [5,6,15,27] long jump from the standing position has a greater data content in comparison with other types of jumps.…”

“…Running speed in the initial sections of the distance equally depends on the performance in the listed exercises. In the second half of the distance, it becomes more dependent on the results in jumping exercises with several take-offs [3,11,16,33].…”