“…Considering the detrimental consequences of rapid urban growth (Jaad and Abdelghany, 2021), the introduction of vegetation within urban environments can have significant contributions toward increasing the level of comfort (Morabito et al, 2021) and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, green walls (GWs) provide a range of benefits including mitigating the urban heat island effect (Daemei et al, 2018;Perera et al, 2021) enhancing citizens' wellbeing (Ulpiani, 2021), improving indoor thermal comfort (Li et al, 2021), reducing noise pollution (P erez et al, 2016), air pollution and particulate matter (Srbinovska et al, 2021), assisting in wastewater treatment (Prodanovic et al, 2020), as well as reducing carbon dioxide emission through improving buildings' thermal performance (Kenai et al, 2021). Depending on the contextual settings of the application site (i.e.…”