Modelling physical contacts to evaluate the individual risk in a dense crowd

Abstract

Tumble and stampede in a dense crowd may be caused by irrational behaviours of individuals and always troubles the safety management of crowd activities. Risk evaluation based on pedestrian dynamical models can be regarded as an effective method of preventing crowd disasters. Here, a method depending on a combination of collision impulses and pushing forces was used to model the physical contacts between individuals in a dense crowd, by which the acceleration error during physical contacts caused by a traditional dynamical equation can be avoided. The human domino effect in a dense crowd could be successfully reproduced, and the crushing and trampling risk of a microscopic individual in a crowd could be quantitatively evaluated separately. This method provides a more reliable and integral data foundation for evaluating individual risk that shows better portability and repeatability than macroscopic crowd risk evaluation methods and will also be conducive to preventing crowd disasters.

Human Resource Management Strategies for Safety and Risk Mitigation in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review

“…To effectively integrate technology in Human Resource Management (HRM) for safety in the oil and gas industry, it is crucial to understand the advancements in technology, the role of data analytics in predictive safety measures, real-time monitoring and incident response, and successful case studies of technology integration in HRM. The oil and gas industry has witnessed significant technological advancements, including the use of blockchain technology (Lu et al, 2019), cyber-physical monitoring for risk management (Wang et al, 2023), and the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence (Sircar et al, 2021). These advancements have contributed to increased organizational agility and operational reliability (Lu & Ramamurthy, 2011;Haouel & Nemeslaki, 2023).…”

“…For instance, the implementation of blockchain technology has transformed industry operations (Lakhanpal & Samuel, 2018), while the use of virtual reality has enhanced product development and safety measures (Dias et al, 2023). Furthermore, the integration of cyber-physical monitoring has contributed to offshore petroleum risk management (Wang et al, 2023). In conclusion, the integration of technology in HRM for safety in the oil and gas industry has been driven by advancements in information technology, data analytics, real-time monitoring, and incident response.…”

Experimental study on mechanical transfer regularity and step distance of individuals under different collision impulse

“…Due to the absence of equipment for measuring the contact force between individuals, previous experimental studies on individual instability primarily concentrated on the motion instability of single individuals [11][12][13]. Conversely, investigations into the transmission of contact force between individuals are primarily conducted with computer simulation methods [14][15][16][17]. With the application of flexible mechanics measurement instruments into pedestrian collision studies, researchers have paid more attention to studying the transmission principles of collision forces between individuals and the behavioral characteristics of individuals influenced by collision forces through real experiments [18][19][20].…”

Propagation of controlled frontward impulses through standing crowds

“…For instance, people are often represented as circles or ellipses and the third dimension of movements is neglected, greatly simplifying the interactions between them. Even though there are models that attempt to simulate contact forces [7][8][9], the propagation of impulses is particularly lacking.…”