Modelling the cooling energy saving potential of facade greening in summer for a set of building typologies in mid-latitudes

Hoffmann, Karin A.; Šuklje, Tomaž; Kozamernik, Jana; Nehls, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110816

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Solar radiation data were calculated for the 90 • inclined surface for eastern, southern, western, and northern orientations [21], assuming non-shaded facades for comparability reasons. The ground heat flux (G), which gets the wall heat flux in the vertical case, was negligible on a daily basis, at least compared to net radiation (R n ) and for the vegetation period [22], though it might become relevant during the heating period. Hourly values were aggregated to daily and monthly evapotranspiration sums (L/m 2 ) for the four orientations (Figure 2).…”

Section: Simulating Evapotranspiration Of Vgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

Pearlmutter

Pucher

Calheiros

et al. 2021

Water

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Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems.

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Section: Simulating Evapotranspiration Of Vgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

Pearlmutter

Pucher

Calheiros

et al. 2021

Water

Self Cite

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“…While horizontal space is scarce and under tremendous utilisation pressure for use in densely built urban regions, vertical space-facades and walls-is rarely used apart from billboards and photovoltaic applications. VGS including expensive green walls, modular wall-mounted plant beds, or low-cost and sustainable facade greening including groundbased climbing plants are promoted for several ecosystem services and are simultaneously an aesthetic upgrade of buildings or passive cooling [110,111]. Food production is even possible on several height zones of the building facades and could include host vine-crops (i.e., climber species) such as kiwifruits or grapes and other suitable crops with artificial cropping adjustments for vegetables such as beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers; or fruits such as blackberries, blueberries, pears, or apples.…”

Section: Water: Trans-aquaponicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Relations of Upscaled Urban Aquaponics and the Food-Water-Energy Nexus—A Berlin Case Study

Baganz

Schrenk

Körner

et al. 2021

Water

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Aquaponics, the water-reusing production of fish and crops, is taken as an example to investigate the consequences of upscaling a nature-based solution in a circular city. We developed an upscaled-aquaponic scenario for the German metropolis of Berlin, analysed the impacts, and studied the system dynamics. To meet the annual fish, tomato, and lettuce demand of Berlin’s 3.77 million residents would require approximately 370 aquaponic facilities covering a total area of 224 hectares and the use of different combinations of fish and crops: catfish/tomato (56%), catfish/lettuce (13%), and tilapia/tomato (31%). As a predominant effect, in terms of water, aquaponic production would save about 2.0 million m3 of water compared to the baseline. On the supply-side, we identified significant causal link chains concerning the Food-Water-Energy nexus at the aquaponic facility level as well as causal relations of a production relocation to Berlin. On the demand-side, a ‘freshwater pescatarian diet’ is discussed. The new and comprehensive findings at different system levels require further investigations on this topic. Upscaled aquaponics can produce a relevant contribution to Berlin’s sustainability and to implement it, research is needed to find suitable sites for local aquaponics in Berlin, possibly inside buildings, on urban roofscape, or in peri-urban areas.

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“…For the hot summer and cold winter climate zone, the cooling effect in the summer is appreciated while undesirable in the winter. Almost all of the existing studies evaluate the cooling effects of roof greening from the view of typical summer days or winter days rather than the annual cycle [25][26][27]. Many investigations have been conducted in cold climate areas, including in the USA, Sweden, and Germany, and some others have been carried out in tropical cities, including Singapore and Hongkong, China [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Roof Greening on the Indoor Thermal Environment throughout the Year in a Chinese City (Chenzhou)

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2022

Forests

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Indoor cooling is preferred during hot summers but unappreciated in cold winters. With this research, we aimed to clarify the cooling performances of roof greening throughout the year and identify the optimum roof greening coverage for the indoor thermal environment in Chenzhou, a city in China with hot summers and cold winters. The layout of buildings, building materials, and local climate data of Chenzhou were collected. The ENVI-met model was applied as the analytical tool after its accuracy was confirmed by a field experiment. The Kriging model was employed to interpret the annual effects of roof greening. The analytical results revealed that in Chenzhou, roof greening reduced indoor temperatures throughout the year, and the higher the coverage of roof greening, the greater the performance of indoor cooling. Moreover, hot climates enhanced the indoor cooling performances of roof greening. From the view of annual thermal perception, the increase in roof greening coverage reduced the duration of warm perceptions throughout the year and extended the perceptions of slightly warm, slightly cool, and cool. Generally, increased roof greening coverage improved the indoor thermal perception in Chenzhou throughout the year. The ENVI-met + Kriging model, an evaluation method of annual cycles, can be used to evaluate the annual performance of roof greening in terms of indoor thermal environment in other climate zones.

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Modelling the cooling energy saving potential of facade greening in summer for a set of building typologies in mid-latitudes

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

Causal Relations of Upscaled Urban Aquaponics and the Food-Water-Energy Nexus—A Berlin Case Study

Evaluating the Effects of Roof Greening on the Indoor Thermal Environment throughout the Year in a Chinese City (Chenzhou)

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