Modelling the Influence of the 2.4 GHz Electromagnetic Field on the User of a Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) Device for Monitoring Hazards in the Work Environment

Zradziński, Patryk; Karpowicz, Jolanta; Gryz, Krzysztof; Morzyński, Leszek; Młyński, Rafał; Swidziński, Adam; Godziszewski, Konrad; Ramos, Victoria

doi:10.3390/ecsa-7-08238

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“…The results of this work show that the absorption in the user’s head of an EMF emitted by a wearable IoT device using a MIFA, for example applied to alert workers against hazards in the work environment, may have a significant influence on humans when used directly on the head [ 44 ]. Locating the MIFA on a helmet may sufficiently reduce the level of the IoT device user’s exposure to EMF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Influence of Electromagnetic Field on the User of a Wearable IoT Device Used in a WSN for Monitoring and Reducing Hazards in the Work Environment

Zradziński

Karpowicz

Gryz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption in a user’s head of an electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth module of a wearable small Internet of Things (IoT) electronic device (emitting EMF of up to 100 mW), in order to test the hypothesis that EMF has an insignificant influence on humans, and to compare the levels of such EMF absorption in various scenarios when using this device. The modelled EMF source was a meandered inverted-F antenna (MIFA)-type antenna of the ESP32-WROOM-32 radio module used in wearable devices developed within the reported study. To quantify the EMF absorption, the specific energy absorption rate (SAR) values were calculated in a multi-layer ellipsoidal model of the human head (involving skin, fat, skull bones and brain layers). The obtained results show up to 10 times higher values of SAR from the MIFA located in the headband, in comparison to its location on the helmet. Only wearable IoT devices (similar in construction and way of use to the investigated device) emitting at below 3 mW equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) from Wi-Fi/Bluetooth communications modules may be considered environmentally insignificant EMF sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%