Modelling the Innate Immune System

Rocha, Pedro Augusto F.; Pigozzo, Alexandre Bittencourt; Quintela, Bárbara de Melo; Macedo, Gilson Costa; Santos, Rodrigo Weber dos; Lobosco, Marcelo

doi:10.5772/38690

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, its complexity and the intense interactions among several components on various different levels make this task extremely complex [2,3]. However, we may better understand some properties of the HIS by applying a computational model, which allows researchers to test a large number of hypotheses in a short period of time [2,3]. In the future, we can envision a computer program that will simulate the entire HIS, allowing scientists to develop and test new drugs against various diseases virtually, thus reducing the number of animals used in experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the computational modeling of the innate immune system

et al. 2013

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In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the mathematical and computational modeling of the human immune system (HIS). Computational models of HIS dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between complex phenomena and immune response; in addition, computational models will support the development of new drugs and therapies for different diseases. However, modeling the HIS is an extremely difficult task that demands a huge amount of work to be performed by multidisciplinary teams. In this study, our objective is to model the spatio-temporal dynamics of representative cells and molecules of the HIS during an immune response after the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a section of tissue. LPS constitutes the cellular wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and it is a highly immunogenic molecule, which means that it has a remarkable capacity to elicit strong immune responses. We present a descriptive, mechanistic and deterministic model that is based on partial differential equations (PDE). Therefore, this model enables the understanding of how the different complex phenomena interact with structures and elements during an immune response. In addition, the model's parameters reflect physiological features of the system, which makes the model appropriate for general use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the computational modeling of the innate immune system

et al. 2013

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“…A previous work [55] has given us some hints about the most sensitivity parameter of the model. We also plan to validate our model against experimental data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As future work, we plan to perform a detailed sensitivity analysis of our microabscess formation model. A previous work [ 55 ] has given us some hints about the most sensitivity parameter of the model. We also plan to validate our model against experimental data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Microabscess Formation

Pigozzo¹,

Macedo

Santos³

et al. 2012

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Bacterial infections can be of two types: acute or chronic. The chronic bacterial infections are characterized by being a large bacterial infection and/or an infection where the bacteria grows rapidly. In these cases, the immune response is not capable of completely eliminating the infection which may lead to the formation of a pattern known as microabscess (or abscess). The microabscess is characterized by an area comprising fluids, bacteria, immune cells (mainly neutrophils), and many types of dead cells. This distinct pattern of formation can only be numerically reproduced and studied by models that capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the human immune system (HIS). In this context, our work aims to develop and implement an initial computational model to study the process of microabscess formation during a bacterial infection.

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“…This system stops the spread of infection in the body, identifies the intrinsic cells from the non-intrinsic ones, and eliminates the infected cells. [ 30 31 ] The immune system is divided into two parts: innate immunity and acquired immunity. Intrinsic immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens, includes physical barriers in the skin and mucous membranes that prevent or limit infection by most pathogenic microorganisms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basophils and eosinophils act against parasites; however, they play an important role in killing pathogens in the viral infection of T lymphocytes. [ 30 31 32 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus and Its effect on the respiratory system: Is there any association between pneumonia and immune cells

Rahimi

Vesal

Edalatifard

2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background: With a new mutation, coronavirus has now become an important pandemic that gripped the entire world. Coronavirus infection often begins in the nasopharynx and destroys the olfactory epithelium. Despite many studies, little progress has been made in the treatment of coronavirus. This study aimed to further investigate the pathogenicity of coronavirus to reduce its infection by examining the virus function in the body and its stages of infection. Material and Methods: With the aim of investigating the coronavirus and its effect on the human respiratory system from 1992 to 2020, this study examined the coronavirus and its different aspects and tried to answer whether there is an association between pneumonia and immune cells. This study was conducted in April 2020 and to obtain the related papers on the characteristics of the virus, Nature, ISC Pubmed, Medline WHO, NCBI, and PsycINFO databases were used. Out of 284 papers, 53 were used in this study. Result: Studies have shown that avoiding infected areas and strengthening the immune system inhibit the virus to bind the mucosal layers. Given the important role of acquired immunity and lymphocytes against coronavirus, it is necessary to pay attention to boost the immune system in adults and the elderly. Antioxidants help reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation in the immune system thus help it regenerate better. The results showed that children are susceptible to the virus though have lower mortality and clinical manifestations than adults. Conclusion: The vaccine should receive further attention and in the long run, antiviral drugs and broad-spectrum vaccines are produced for infectious diseases.

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Modelling the Innate Immune System

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

On the computational modeling of the innate immune system

On the computational modeling of the innate immune system

Computational Modeling of Microabscess Formation

Coronavirus and Its effect on the respiratory system: Is there any association between pneumonia and immune cells

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