Modelling the upwelling offthe east Hainan Island coast in summer 2010

Bai, Peng; Gu, Yu; Li, Peiliang; Wu, Kejian

doi:10.1007/s00343-016-5147-5

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, the cross-isobar forces induced by the interaction of currents and topography play an important role in the upwelling intensification east and northeast of Hainan Island (Lin et al, 2016). To date, most model simulations of upwelling in this region either do not include tides (e.g., Jing et al, 2009Jing et al, , 2011Li et al, 2012;Su & Pohlmann, 2009;Su et al, 2011Su et al, , 2013 or did not consider the seasonally distinct impacts of the tides (Bai et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2015). Moreover, previous studies have shown that the long-term variability in the upwelling systems in the SCS are typically associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (Hu & Wang, 2016;Xie et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the upwelling system around the eastern coast of Hainan Island has been classified into two parts (e.g., Li et al, 2012): upwelling east of the island and upwelling or surface cooling, northeast of the island. Both observational and reanalysis data of sea surface temperature (SST) reveal that surface cooling occurs frequently in this region (Bai et al, 2016; Jing et al, 2015; Li et al, 2012). Different from the upwelling east of Hainan Island, the surface cooling that occurs northeast of the island is not a classic wind‐driven coastal upwelling regime—in addition to wind forcing, eddies and tides were also reported as important factors affecting water temperature (Bai et al, 2016; Li et al, 2012; Song et al, 2012; Yu, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both observational and reanalysis data of sea surface temperature (SST) reveal that surface cooling occurs frequently in this region (Bai et al, 2016; Jing et al, 2015; Li et al, 2012). Different from the upwelling east of Hainan Island, the surface cooling that occurs northeast of the island is not a classic wind‐driven coastal upwelling regime—in addition to wind forcing, eddies and tides were also reported as important factors affecting water temperature (Bai et al, 2016; Li et al, 2012; Song et al, 2012; Yu, 1987). Bai et al (2016) used the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to investigate the low‐SST event in the summer of 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different from the upwelling east of Hainan Island, the surface cooling that occurs northeast of the island is not a classic wind‐driven coastal upwelling regime—in addition to wind forcing, eddies and tides were also reported as important factors affecting water temperature (Bai et al, 2016; Li et al, 2012; Song et al, 2012; Yu, 1987). Bai et al (2016) used the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to investigate the low‐SST event in the summer of 2010. They found that tides play a critical role in the formation of the lower SST core northeast of Hainan Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tidal Effects on the Surface Water Cooling Northeast of Hainan Island, South China Sea

Curchitser

Wang

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

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Using a 3-D high-resolution ocean model, this paper explores the mechanisms that cause surface and subsurface water cooling northeast of Hainan Island during summer. Results show that two cooling centers in the regions east of Wenchang city and east of the Qiongzhou Strait occur when tides are included in the model. The cooling is primarily caused by large-scale changes in the circulation in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) through anomalous horizontal pressure gradients caused by inhomogeneous tidal mixing between the near-shore and offshore regions. East of Wenchang city, the offshore tidal currents induce upwelling that brings the near-bottom cold water to the subsurface. For the region east of the Qiongzhou Strait, the tidally induced westward anomalous currents suppress the warm water transport from Qiongzhou Strait, resulting in a compensating intrusion of cold water from surrounding regions. In addition to the large-scale circulation changes, the local tidal mixing also contributes to the subsurface water cooling east of the Qiongzhou Strait by mixing near-bottom cold water with subsurface waters. Interannually, the cooling weakens or intensifies during different (cold or warm) phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This is attributed to variability in surface forcings and large-scale circulation associated with different phases of ENSO leading to changes in stratification, which changes the tidally induced horizontal pressure gradient in the northwestern SCS. Plain Language Summary The surface water cooling around the eastern and northern coast of Hainan Island is one of the strongest in the South China Sea (SCS). During summer, strong surface water cooling occurs northeast of the island, which is associated with tidal effects. Variable tidal mixing between the coastal region and the open ocean changes the pressure gradient, which results in significant changes in the circulation in the northwestern SCS leading to cooling of the surface waters. On the interannual scale, the sea water cooling induced by tides northeast of Hainan Island weakens (enhances) during the cold (warm) phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tidal Effects on the Surface Water Cooling Northeast of Hainan Island, South China Sea

Curchitser

Wang

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

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“…The averaged length, width, and water depth of the strait are 70 km, 30 km, and 44 m, respectively. Compared with two entrances, the bathymetry in the central strait is much deeper, where the depth can reach up to 120 m. As the only direct passage linking the northern South China Sea with the Beibu Gulf, water exchange through the QS plays a key role in modulating the hydrodynamics of either side [13][14][15][16]. The tidal system in the South China Sea is mainly driven by tidal energy from the West Pacific through the Luzon Strait [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Structure of Water Exchange at the Entrance of a Tide-Dominated Strait

et al. 2022

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In summer, westward residual flow in the Qiongzhou Strait (QS) drives a water transport through the strait into the Beibu Gulf, playing a vital role in modifying the gulf-scale circulation. By utilizing multi-source observations, realistic simulations, as well as idealized modeling, the water exchange process at the western entrance of the QS was explored from the perspective of thermal structure. High-resolution satellite sea-surface temperature images captured an interesting thermal phenomenon in the studied region, i.e., a trident-shaped warm water tongue. Validations of numerical results suggested satisfactory model performance in reproducing the trident-shaped warm water tongue. Modeling results together with cruise observations indicates extremely weak stratification in the studied region, which is a result of local intense tidal mixing. The cold upwelling water developed at the eastern side of the strait arrived at the western entrance by the westward residual flow, and then encountered and communicated with the well-mixed warm gulf water there. The alternatively deep/shallow topography (sea trough/ridge) triggers spatial variability in tidal current intensity: stronger currents over the deep area with weaker flow above the shallow region leads to alternatively warm/cold thermal distribution in the cross-isobath direction. Further investigation demonstrates that, through modifying the circulation and regulating the intensity of upwelling on the eastern side of the QS, wind also makes a significant contribution to the thermal distribution at the western entrance of the QS.

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