Models for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation

Klüpfel, Hubert; Schreckenberg, Michael; Meyer-König, T.

doi:10.1007/3-540-28091-x_35

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In comparison to classical CA-based crowd models [4,22,27], we have used a finer representation of the environment-represented as a square lattice of a nonhomogeneous cellular automaton. On the other hand, we have used an elliptic representation of a pedestrian (from the social distances model), where the center of a pedestrian coincides with the center of a cell, and affects neighboring cells according to the permissible degree of compressibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage of the movement algorithm is dedicated to conflict resolution. The conflict resolution methods depend on update types of the cells state, in the bibliography one can fine following schemes: shuffled sequential, parallel update, ordered sequential update [22]. If a simulation contains more than one pedestrian, two or more of them may select the same cell as the destination of their next step.…”

Section: Tactical and Operational Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular Automata as the basis of effective and realistic agent-based models of crowd behavior

2016

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The Cellular Automata (CA) paradigm has been recognized as an effective approach used in the modeling and simulation of complex systems. However, its classical form of a homogeneous and synchronous CA has a limited field of applications. For practical applications, non-homogeneous and asynchronous CAs with hybrid technological construction are especially useful in modeling and simulation. In this article, the authors focus on crowd simulations based on CA and agent-based modeling approaches. Basic technical aspects of large-scale crowd simulations are presented: specifically proposed architecture, our view on synchronization patterns, as well as hierarchy of objects in logic and data layer. A new method of agent conflict resolution is also proposed. Such an approach was successfully applied in the Allianz Arena stadium model, and other large-scale simulations developed by the authors. Thus, finally, practical applications of the models are presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tactical and Operational Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Automata as the basis of effective and realistic agent-based models of crowd behavior

2016

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“…The egress curve obtained by Klüpfel [31] from his real exercise is compared to the one obtained numerically through the NSM2e method.…”

Section: Application To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the following simulations, the parameters' values for each pedestrian (walking speed, radius, mass, response time, and relaxation time) have been chosen to be uniformly distributed within their range from experimental tests [21,31].…”

Section: Application To Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth/non-smooth contact modeling of human crowds movement: numerical aspects and application to emergency evacuations

Pecol

Pont

Erlicher

et al. 2011

Ann. Solid Struct. Mech.

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The aim of this paper is to develop on discrete models that reproduce the behavior of a crowd of people in several emergency evacuation situations. The first step in this study is to determine how to treat contacts between pedestrians. For that, three already existing discrete approaches, one smooth and two non-smooth, originally proposed to simulate the collisions of granular assemblies, are first analyzed both from the theoretical and the numerical point of view. The solving algorithms are presented and the numerical formulation of the two nonsmooth approaches is compared to standard plasticity in order to point out the common theoretical framework. The next step is to adapt these discrete approaches to represent pedestrians. The key point is to introduce a ''willingness'' for each particle through a specific desired velocity. These adapted discrete approaches are able to handle local interactions, like pedestrian-pedestrian or pedestrianobstacle contacts, in order to reproduce the global dynamic of pedestrian traffic. Finally, results of several simulations in emergency configurations are presented as well as compared to real exercise ones.

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“…Here, every pedestrian is treated as an individual agent. The behavior of pedestrian interaction in microscopic pedestrian analysis is measured based on trajectory, as first stated by [4] and [5]. For a given pedestrian, the trajectory is the pedestrian's movement across the infrastructure over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automation of Tracking Trajectories in a Crowded Situation

2010

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Studies on pedestrians using microscopic simulation require large amounts of trajectory data from real-world pedestrian crowds. The collection of such data, if done manually, involves tremendous efforts and is very time-consuming. Although many studies have asserted the possibility of automating this task using video cameras, we have found that only a few have demonstrated good performance in very crowded situations or from a top-angled view scene. This paper deals with tracking pedestrian crowd under heavy occlusion and from an angular scene using only a single non-stereo video camera. Our automated tracking system consists of three modules that are performed sequentially. The first module detects moving objects as blobs. The second module computes feature values from the blob information in order to generate what we call a possibility matrix. The third module is a tracking system, which employs a Bayesian update of the probability tree derived from the possibility matrix and from the detection of each pedestrian, in order to track the next position of the pedestrian. The result of such tracking is a database of pedestrian trajectories over time and space. With certain prior information, we show that the system is able to track a large number of people under occlusion and clutter scene.

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Models for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Cellular Automata as the basis of effective and realistic agent-based models of crowd behavior

Cellular Automata as the basis of effective and realistic agent-based models of crowd behavior

Smooth/non-smooth contact modeling of human crowds movement: numerical aspects and application to emergency evacuations

Automation of Tracking Trajectories in a Crowded Situation

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