Moderating effect of decision latitude on stress‐strain relationship: Does organizational level matter?

Work-related recovery opportunities: testing scale properties and validity in relation to health

“…In the less heterogeneous samples, this pattern of results was not complete, with either the main eVect or interaction eVect not being conWrmed. DiVerences in sampling characteristics might account for contradicting Wndings in the literature, especially those on interaction eVects between job demands and job control as researched here (Westman 1992;De Jonge and Kompier 1997). The sampling approach taken in this study allows us at least some assessment of the robustness of Wndings on the job control facets studied and their interaction with job demands.…”

The moderating role of task characteristics in determining responses to a stressful work simulation

“…Preliminary evidence to suggest that the stress-buering properties of work control may vary as a function of hierarchical level was provided by Westman (1992) who found that work control buered the negative eects of role con¯ict on psychological health for clerical employees, but not for managerial employees of a large ®nancial organization. In a consideration of possible explanations for the ®nding that work control is less important at higher levels of the organization, Westman argued that organizations provide employees at the managerial level with other resources such as power and prestige, and higher levels of income.…”

“…For instance, the joint moderating roles of work control and social support in the stress± strain relationship have been tested empirically in a growing body of research (see Karasek and Theorell, 1990;Kristensen, 1995;Theorell and Karasek, 1996, for reviews). Other researchers have investigated the extent to which group-level characteristics in¯uence the stress-buering role of work control (e.g., Westman, 1992). For instance, Xie (1996) found that work control buered the negative eects of work stress on levels of psychological well-being in a sample of professional employees but not in a sample of blue-collar workers.…”

“…As noted by Westman (1992), one strategy for resolving the controversy concerning the stressbuering role of work control on levels of employee well-being is to investigate the extent to which secondary moderating variables in¯uence the presence of Work Stress  Work Control interactions. Parkes et al (1994) also have highlighted the need for more research attention to be directed towards conjunctive moderator eects in relation to the interactive relationship among work stress, work control, and employee well-being.…”

“…In this respect, it was proposed that behavioral control may protect employees from high levels of work stress only when accompanied by high levels of information concerning the work environment. In light of recent studies that have investigated the stress-buering role of behavioral control across a range of low-level and high-level jobs (e.g., Westman, 1992;Xie, 1996), a second aim of the present research was to examine the extent to which the stress-buering properties of behavioral control varied as a function of task complexity (see Study 2).…”