Modern Antarctic acorn worms form tubes

Halanych, Kenneth M.; Cannon, Johanna T.; Mahon, Andrew R.; Swalla, Billie J.; Smith, Craig R.

doi:10.1038/ncomms3738

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Acorn worms secrete copious amounts of mucus with which they line their burrow, and deep sea torquaratorids, which reside on the sediment surface, secrete mucous tubes (Halanych et al . ). Torquaratorid tubes have been interpreted as homologous to the tubes of the Cambrian worm fossils (Halanych et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fossilization processes of graptolites: insights from the experimental decay of Rhabdopleura sp. (Pterobranchia)

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laboratory experiments documenting the decomposition pattern of extant organisms are used to reconstruct the anatomy and taphonomy of fossil taxa. The subclass Graptolithina (Hemichordata: Pterobranchia) is a significant fossil taxon of the Palaeozoic era, represented by just one modern genus, Rhabdopleura. The rich graptolite fossil record is characterized by an almost total absence of fossil zooids. Here we investigated the temporal decay pattern of Rhabdopleura sp. tubes, stolons and single zooids removed from the tubarium. Tubes showed decay after four days, when fuselli began to separate from the tube walls. This rapid loss may explain the absence of fuselli from some graptolite fossils. The black stolon did not show decay until day 155. One day after their removal, zooids quickly decomposed in the following temporal sequence: (1) tentacles; (2) ectoderm; (3) arms; (4) gut; (5) cephalic shield, leading to complete disappearance of recognizable body parts in the majority of experimental zooids within 64-104 h. The most resistant zooid features to decay (61 days) were black-pigmented granules. These results indicate that tubes and the black stolon would persist for weeks across death, transport and burial, whereas a complete decay of zooid features occurs in few days, providing an explanation for the overall poor record of fossil graptolite zooids and suggesting that recorded silhouettes of fossil zooids may be attributed to fossil decay-resistant pigments.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Torquaratorid tubes have been interpreted as homologous to the tubes of the Cambrian worm fossils (Halanych et al . ), but mucus alone is not evidence for tube homology (Nanglu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilization processes of graptolites: insights from the experimental decay of Rhabdopleura sp. (Pterobranchia)

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the question of whether colonial tube-dwelling pterobranchs are sister to vermiform enteropneusts or whether they should be nested within them has been much debated [21][22][23][24]. Also, enteropneust phylogeny requires revision in light of recent investigations of deep-sea acorn worms [25][26][27]. Phylogenetic analysis based on morphology split the solitary enteropneusts into four families: the direct developing Harrimaniidae, two groups of indirect developers, the Spengelidae and Ptychoderidae, and the deep-sea spaghetti worms of the Family Saxipendiidae [28].…”

Section: Phylogeny Of Hemichordatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hemichordate models

Tagawa

2016

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hemichordates are marine animals with two different lifestyles. The solitary, free-living enteropneusts or acorn worms resemble polychaetes or earthworms, while the tiny, colonial, sessile pterobranchs are similar to bryozoans and phoronids. Hemichordates, together with echinoderms, comprise the clade Ambulacraria and are a sister group to the Chordata. As adults, they exhibit cardinal chordate characters, such as gill slits. Their embryogenesis and dipleurula-type (tornaria) larvae are very similar to those of echinoderms. Recent advances in comparative genomics and molecular developmental biology of hemichordates, especially the vermiform enteropneusts, have shed light on deuterostome ancestors. This paper briefly reviews the numerous recent studies on the Phylum Hemichordata.

show abstract

“…and 1111 meters depth along the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf and adjacent fjords and on the Ross Sea shelf (Halanych et al 2013). We add to this list of polar species two additional species, Terminstomo arcticus and Allapasus fuscus, from the eastern Arctic of Canada.…”

Section: R a F T 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and adaptations of torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) including two new species from the Canadian Arctic

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The enteropneust family Torquaratoridae, discovered in 2005, has the fewest species of the four living families. It is composed of seven species that live on the cold, deep-sea floor. Torquarator bullocki Holland, Clague, Gordon, Gebruk, Pawson and Vecchione, 2005 was the first species described and collected from the Northeastern Pacific. Two new species of Torquaratoridae were collected from the Eastern Pacific and described as Tergivelum baldwinae Holland, Jones, Ellena, Ruhl and Smith, 2009 and Allapasus aurantiacus Holland, Kuhnz and Osborn, 2012. A further three species have been collected from the North Atlantic: Yoda purpurata Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012, Allapasus isidis Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012, and Tergivelum cinnabarinum Priede, Osborn, Gebruk, Jones, Shale, Rogacheva and Holland, 2012. The latest Torquaratoridae species was collected from the Russian Arctic in 2013. We add two new species to the Torquaratoridae from Baffin Bay and Viscount Melville Sound, in the eastern Arctic of Canada. Terminstomo arcticus gen. nov. and sp. nov. was collected at a depth of 505 m and is characterized by lacking a heart and a stomochord that extends from the posterior end of the proboscis through the entire length of the collar. Allapasus fuscus sp. nov. was collected from a depth of 444 m and is characterized by a typhlosole process along the dorsal midline of the collar buccal cavity.

show abstract

Modern Antarctic acorn worms form tubes

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Fossilization processes of graptolites: insights from the experimental decay of Rhabdopleura sp. (Pterobranchia)

Fossilization processes of graptolites: insights from the experimental decay of Rhabdopleura sp. (Pterobranchia)

Hemichordate models

Biogeography and adaptations of torquaratorid acorn worms (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) including two new species from the Canadian Arctic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About