Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

From the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee

“…Parkinson's disease was inversely associated with smoking liability, 6 a finding found in previous observational studies 8e10 but overturned in relation to specific polymorphisms in a subsequent MR analysis. 11 Prostate cancer was also inversely associated with smoking liability, 6 an association not previously detected 12,13 and, according to the authors, possibly related to detection bias; prostate cancer is often diagnosed only once individuals present with another disease. 6 This study emphasizes the dangers of a genetic predisposition to smoking, which can have devastating long-term consequences.…”

Transcending frontiers in prostate cancer: the role of oncometabolites on epigenetic regulation, CSCs, and tumor microenvironment to identify new therapeutic strategies

“…Age, family history of the disease, and race are well-established risk factors for PC. Men of African descent are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer compared to other races, and the disease is generally more aggressive in these men [ 16 ].…”

A healthy diet, a healthy prostate? A brief commentary on the latest research on diet and prostate cancer

“…3. "Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer in low-and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis" [7]. Higher vegetable intake and tea consumption were associated with lower PC risk while higher fat intake was linked with higher PC risk.…”