Modification and extension of tests for differentiation of<i>Candida</i>species and strains

Odds, Frank C.; Abbott, A.B.

doi:10.1080/00362178385380111

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to quantitative tests for proteolytic activity, the parent and mutant strains were characterized by means of a number of biochemical and morphological tests. Growth at pH 1.40, production of proteinase on agar media, resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, 1.55 M-NaCl, boric acid and safranine, and utilization of urea, sorbose and citrate were all assayed in plate tests by the system described and modified by Odds & Abbott (1980,1982. Standard assimilation and fermentation tests were set up in liquid media (Lodder, 1970).…”

Section: F Macdonald and F C Odds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonies were counted after 48 h incubation at 37 "C and the specific count of yeasts (mg tissue)-' was calculated. The plates from viable count tests were stored at 4 "C until day 21 post infection, when samples of the colonies isolated were characterized by biochemical tests on agar plates (Odds & Abbott, 1980, 1982. Blood samples (approximately 0-5 ml) were removed from freshly killed mice by cardiac puncture and inoculated into 4ml SDB.…”

Section: F Macdonald and F C Odds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence For Mice Of A Proteinase-Secreting Strain Of Candida Albicans And A Proteinase-Deficient Mutant

1983

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A proteinase-deficient mutant of Candida albicans, M 12, was produced by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of a proteinase-producing strain, ATCC 28366. The mutant was phenotypically identical to its parent in nearly all biochemical and morphological characteristics except proteinase production. The mutant was considerably less lethal than the parent when inoculated intravenously into mice and lower counts of C. albicans were recovered from the organs of mice infected with the mutant. Both strains were phagocytosed and killed to a similar extent by human and murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes when the yeasts were grown in a medium that did not induce proteinase production. However, in a proteinase-inducing medium, ATCC 28366 was phagocytosed and killed less well than M12. These results indicate that proteinase secretion by C. albicans is one factor determining the virulence of the species, but that other virulence factors are also involved in the pathogenesis of systemic candidosis.

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Section: F Macdonald and F C Odds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Macdonald and F C Odds Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence For Mice Of A Proteinase-Secreting Strain Of Candida Albicans And A Proteinase-Deficient Mutant

1983

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“…The original nine-test biotyping scheme was subsequently refined by Odds and Abbott in 1983 (73) to improve strain delineation of C. albicans and to allow species identification and strain delineation of other Candida species. Since glycine was not discriminatory (>90% of isolates assimilated glycine) and endpoints for this test were difficult to determine, it was replaced with boric acid resistance (see reference 114).…”

Section: Biotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans strain delineation

Merz

1990

Clin Microbiol Rev

118

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Candida albicans is a major opportunistic pathogen causing a wide spectrum of disease in human beings. Methods for strain delineation of this species to assess or predict virulence or to conduct epidemiologic or pathogenetic investigations have been developed. Although factors associated with virulence have been identified, there is no rapid system to quantitate them in a clinical laboratory. Therefore, many typing methods are based on variable phenotypic characteristics within this species including morphotyping, serotyping, antibiogram, resistogram typing, biotyping, biotyping based on commercial carbon assimilation patterns, enzyme profiles, sensitivity to yeast killer toxins, and typing based on protein variability. Phenotypically defined strains generally do not correlate with the pathogenic potential of a strain with the exception of morphotyping. However, these methods can be useful in epidemiologic investigations; for example, they have revealed that most individuals harbor one strain and that infections are frequently due to an endogenous strain. Problems with these methods usually relate to their discriminatory power. When this is maximized, reproducibility (especially between laboratories) suffers. Recently, methods based on differences in DNA structure (genotyping) for strain delineation have been developed, including electrophoretic karyotyping and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms. The development of a computer-assisted data bank and analysis for these genotypic strain delineators will open investigations into the pathogenesis of this infection and permit epidemiologic studies previously not possible with this important human pathogen.

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“…Analysis of variation among strains has been limited to the description of patterns of phenotype characteristics (13), which cannot distinguish closely related isolates. Furthermore, this form of biotyping relies on the assumption that the underlying genetic differences that produce the phenotypic changes are the same in different isolates.…”

Section: Genotypic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%