Modification of carbon black properties by reaction with maleic acid derivatives

Bergemann, Klaus; Fanghänel, E.; Knackfuß, Bernd; Lüthge, Thomas; Schukat, G.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.03.041

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is fortunate that surface modification of nanoparticle fillers could help improve the nanoparticle dispersibility. Several approaches have been proposed including treatment with coupling agents and polymer grafting 14–17. The grafting of hyperbranched PAMAM polymer onto inorganic particle surface is one possibility 8, 18–22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer–ultrafine silica hybrid composite

Punyacharoennon

Srikulkit

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Grafting of hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) polymer onto ultrafine silica was prepared. First, an initiating site was incorporated into silica surface by treating silica particle with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane producing amino functionalized silica. Then grafting of hyperbranched PAMAM was performed by repetitive reactions between Michael addition of silica amino groups to methyl acrylate (MA) and amidation of the resulting terminal methyl ester groups with ethylenediamine (EDA). Excessive amounts of MA and EDA present in each step were removed by a rotary evaporator and dialysis separation, respectively. FT-IR analysis was employed to monitor the propagation of hyperbranched PAMAM on silica which was carried out until reaching the generation of 3.0. The yellowish liquid product was obtained. Amino group content in each generation was determined which was found significantly lower than theoretical value due to unavoidable side reactions. Laser light scattering and SEM results revealed that the particulate agglomerate was disaggregated into finer particle size as hyperbranched PAMAM generation increased.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer–ultrafine silica hybrid composite

Punyacharoennon

Srikulkit

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…• C under vacuum for 24 h. In addition, reflux modification of CB was synthesized as described in the literature [5] for a comparison of the modification effects.…”

Section: Preparation Of Modified Cbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Diels-Alder reaction. Bergemann et al [5] reported the modification of CB properties by chemical reaction with maleic acid derivatives. The diversity of maleic acid derivatives provides an opportunity to attach different organic groups to the CB surface and, therefore, wide in variations in the properties of the reaction products are possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of maleic anhydride onto carbon black surface via ultrasonic irradiation

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Wu³

2008

Applied Organom Chemis

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The grafting of maleic anhydride onto carbon black surface based on the Diels-Alder addition via ultrasonic irradiation was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the chemical structure of the resulting products. The anhydride ring in the modified products can be opened into two carboxylic groups. Accordingly, the carboxylated carbon black was analyzed quantitatively through acid-based titration to determine the concentration of anhydride ring on the modified carbon black's surface. The grafted molecules amount calculated from the concentration of the anhydride ring was consistent with the results of TGA data. Comparison of zeta potential measurement demonstrated that there were more negative charges attached to the surface of carbon black after ultrasonic modification. TEM observations showed that the conglomeration degree of modified carbon black decreased more than that of initial carbon black.

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Besides reinforcement effect, when added to polymer systems, fillers will cause a considerable change in dynamic properties, not only the dynamic modulus, both loss modulus and storage modulus, but also their ratio, i.e. loss factor, which is related to the portion of the energy dissipated during dynamic deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of filler–rubber interaction on dynamic mechanical properties and reinforcement of NR vulcanisates

Han¹,

He²,

Guo³

et al. 2007

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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The dynamic mechanical properties were obtained over a wide range of temperatures and strains on vulcanisates filled with carbon black (N330) and a modified carbon black respectively. The modified carbon black (GCB) was prepared by adding special resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL) into N330. The main chain of RFL has good compatibility with the rubber matrix, whereas the side chain with pyridine function can reacts with the acidic functional groups on the surface of carbon black. From SEM images, it was found that GCB filled natural rubber showed better filler dispersion. The role of modified carbon black was studied in the rubber matrix for better understanding of the mechanism of reinforcement. From the stress-strain behaviour of filled vulcanisates, it can be concluded that GCB show improved mechanical properties due to the stronger filler-rubber interaction.

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Modification of carbon black properties by reaction with maleic acid derivatives

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Preparation of hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer–ultrafine silica hybrid composite

Preparation of hyperbranched polyamidoamine polymer–ultrafine silica hybrid composite

Grafting of maleic anhydride onto carbon black surface via ultrasonic irradiation

Effects of filler–rubber interaction on dynamic mechanical properties and reinforcement of NR vulcanisates

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