Modification of Some Structural and Functional Parameters of Living Culture of Arthrospira platensis as the Result of Selenium Nanoparticle Biosynthesis

Abstract

Selenium nanoparticles are attracting the attention of researchers due to their multiple applications, including medicine. The biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles has become particularly important due to the environmentally friendly character of the process and special properties of the obtained particles. The possibility of performing the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles via the living culture of Arthrospira platensis starting from sodium selenite was studied. The bioaccumulation capacity of the culture, along with changes in the main biochemical parameters of the biomass, the ultrastructural changes in the cells during biosynthesis and the change in the expression of some genes involved in stress response reactions were determined. Protein, lipid and polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the biomass grown in the presence of sodium selenite. The formation of selenium nanoparticles in the protein fraction was demonstrated. Thus, Arthrospira platensis culture can be considered a suitable matrix for the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles.

Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Applications of Advanced Nanomaterials

“…Cepoi et al [ 11 ] presented that Arthrospira platensis easily tolerates the presence of high concentrations of selenium (up to 125 mg/L) in the medium, growth, and biomass accumulation, being within the limits of the values characteristic for the control biomass. The biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles has become particularly important due to the environmentally friendly character of the process and the special properties of the obtained particles.…”

“…The biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles has become particularly important due to the environmentally friendly character of the process and the special properties of the obtained particles. For selenium concentrations up to 50 mg/L, the amount of biomass accumulated during the cultivation cycle increased by up to 18% compared to the control [ 11 ]. The content of lipids and carbohydrates in biomass increased with the increasing sodium selenite concentration added to the nutrient medium.…”

“…The content of lipids and carbohydrates in biomass increased with the increasing sodium selenite concentration added to the nutrient medium. The content of protein and phycobilin also increased, and the dose-dependent character of this relationship was maintained up to a concentration of sodium selenite of 175 mg/L [ 11 ]. With an increase in the content of lipids, the level of malonic dialdehyde in the cells also increased.…”

“…With an increase in the content of lipids, the level of malonic dialdehyde in the cells also increased. Most of the bioaccumulated selenium was determined in the protein (47.5% of the accumulated selenium) and the lipid (24.1%) fractions, the ultrastructural changes in the cells during biosynthesis and the change in the expression of some genes involved in stress response reactions [ 11 ]. In the protein fraction, selenium nanoparticles with a size of 2–8 nm were formed.…”

“…Thus, the expression level of iron-superoxide dismutase and heat-shock protein increased, which may be associated with the need to manage the increased flow of reactive oxygen species and to stabilize the proteins subjected to the action of the xenobiotics. Selenium also caused ultrastructural changes in Arthrospira platensis expressed in the damage and disorder of thylakoids, the detachment of the cytoplasmic membrane from the cell wall, the change in the density of the cell wall, and the formation of carbon reserves in the cells, indicating the negative effects of selenium ions [ 11 ]. Thus, Arthrospira platensis tolerates high concentrations of selenium, accumulates significant amounts of this element, and carries out the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles, which are mainly located in the protein and lipid fractions.…”