Modified biosand filters enriched with iron oxide coated gravel to remove chemical, organic and bacteriological contaminants

Sızırıcı, Banu; Yildiz, İbrahim; AlAli, Alya; Alkhemeiri, Afra; Alkhoori, Abdulla; Bufalasa, Fatema; Alawadi, Rashid

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.11.015

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The removal rate of viruses or bacteria through ZVI filters varies with contact time, particle size, solution pH (Zhang, 2003), dissolved oxygen (Lee et al, 2008), concentration of ions (Diao and Yao, 2009), and redox potential (Auffan et al, 2008;Bradley et al, 2011). Other workers have shown that modified zero-valent iron sand filters can reduce fecal coliform levels in contaminated river water by 1 log CFU (Bradley et al, 2011;George and Ahammed, 2019) and E. coli in drinking water by between 90.9 and 99.9% (Sizirici et al, 2019). In reclaimed water, ZVI filtration reduced concentrations of antibiotics (Kulkarni et al, 2019) and virus like particles (Chopyk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Valent Iron-Sand Filtration Reduces Escherichia coli in Surface Water and Leafy Green Growing Environments

Kim

Bradshaw

Kulkarni

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Surface water is used for irrigation by farmers. However, surface waters may be a source of bacterial foodborne pathogens which contaminate fresh produce intended for human consumption. Proposed but not finalized standards for microbial quality of irrigation water through the Produce Safety Rule (PSR) of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in the US emphasize the need for effective reduction of levels of pathogens in surface water intended to be used on fruit and vegetable crops. This study evaluated a zero-valent iron (ZVI)-sand filtration system to reduce E. coli populations in pond water and those transferred to growing spinach plants in a field trial. Six filtration events were conducted with the same ZVI-sand or sand (S) laboratory filtration systems. Filtration systems were constructed by connecting 4 PVC pipes (1.25 L) together. ZVI-sand filters contained 50% ZVI/50% sand (0.43-0.60 mm particle size), while sand filters contained 100% sand (0.45-55 mm particle size). In each event, autoclaved pond water (PW) inoculated with E. coli (ca. 4 log CFU/ml)−8 L-was pumped (1 L/min) through each filter followed by uninoculated autoclaved PW (15 L) with samples taken throughout the filtering process for enumeration of E. coli. Data were fit to a linear model to determine reductions of E. coli levels. ZVI-sand filtration removed significantly (p < 0.05) more E. coli (1.1 log CFU) compared to sand filtration. For ZVI-sand-filtered water, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference of E. coli removal from early trials (trials 1-3, average removal 96%) than in later trials (trial 4-6, average removal 44%), suggesting that age of the ZVI-sand filters influences E. coli inactivation. Overall, ZVI-sand and sand filtration reduced E. coli populations by 70 and −10%, respectively, indicating that ZVI filtration lowered or inactivated E. coli populations while sand filters accumulated E. coli. Field trials showed that soil and spinach plants irrigated with ZVI-sand-filtered water had significantly lower E. coli levels than soils/plants irrigated with sand-filtered water or unfiltered control water. Overall, ZVI-sand filtration significantly reduced E. coli populations in water compared to sand filtration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Valent Iron-Sand Filtration Reduces Escherichia coli in Surface Water and Leafy Green Growing Environments

Kim

Bradshaw

Kulkarni

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…The main output of this work is that available results are hardly comparable as they were achieved under very different experimental conditions. A conceptual framework is presented for future research directed towards a more processed understanding.Sustainability 2019, 11, 671 2 of 20 organic [27,28], fluoride [29][30][31], heavy metals [32,33], nitrate [34,35], pathogens [36][37][38] and radionuclides [32,39]. The desalination of water using Fe 0 has also been reported [40][41][42][43].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

Ndé-Tchoupé

Lufingo

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Studies were undertaken to determine the reasons why published information regarding the efficiency of metallic iron (Fe 0 ) for water treatment is conflicting and even confusing. The reactivity of eight Fe 0 materials was characterized by Fe dissolution in a dilute solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na 2 -EDTA; 2 mM). Both batch (4 days) and column (100 days) experiments were used. A total of 30 different systems were characterized for the extent of Fe release in EDTA. The effects of Fe 0 type (granular iron, iron nails and steel wool) and pretreatment procedure (socking in acetone, EDTA, H 2 O, HCl and NaCl for 17 h) were assessed. The results roughly show an increased iron dissolution with increasing reactive sites (decreasing particle size: wool > filings > nails), but there were large differences between materials from the same group. The main output of this work is that available results are hardly comparable as they were achieved under very different experimental conditions. A conceptual framework is presented for future research directed towards a more processed understanding.Sustainability 2019, 11, 671 2 of 20 organic [27,28], fluoride [29][30][31], heavy metals [32,33], nitrate [34,35], pathogens [36][37][38] and radionuclides [32,39]. The desalination of water using Fe 0 has also been reported [40][41][42][43]. The two key advantages of Fe 0 are its affordability and its universal availability (iron nails, scrap iron and steel wool) [9,10,44,45]. It is commonly reported that the major drawback of Fe 0 -based technologies for water treatment is the low intrinsic reactivity of granular materials [28,33,46]. This situation is said to be aggravated by the inherent generation of an oxide scale at the Fe 0 surface (passivation). Countermeasures to overcome Fe 0 passivation were recently reviewed by Guan et al. [28] and further discussed by Noubactep [47]. It is recalled that, considering passivation as a "curse" contradicts the evidence that Fe 0 -based subsurface permeable barriers have been successfully working for more than one decade [48][49][50]. On the other hand, increased "passivation" should have occurred in the spongy iron filters in Antwerpen as well [2,19]. Clarifying this contradiction is certainly a progress for the whole Fe 0 technology. Clearly, an understanding of the role of "passivation" in the process of decontamination using Fe 0 should be useful for enhancing the system's efficiency in practice [30,31,47].There is an agreement on the evidence that using Fe 0 for water treatment and environmental remediation is "putting corrosion to use" [51][52][53]. There is otherwise a contradiction on practically any other aspect concerning the Fe 0 /H 2 O system, including the reaction mechanisms and factors determining the long-term efficiency of such systems [9,28,47,[54][55][56][57][58]. A key reason for this is the large variability of experimental conditions used in testing Fe 0 materials [58][59][60][61][62]. The main influencing operational parameter seems to be Fe 0 itself [58,61,63,6...

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“…Vandermaesen et al (2019) reported the mineralization of pesticide or herbicides residues, such as bentazon and 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) by microbial activity in sand filters of drinking water treatment plant. Sizirici et al (2019) investigated the removal of bacteria using modified biosand filters (MBSF) filled with gravels coated with iron oxides (IOCG) and reported that the MBSF‐IOCG system exhibited 90.54–95.84%, 99.0%, and 95.33% removal of turbidity, E. coli , and total coliforms, respectively. Kumar et al (2019) reported that the removal of microcystin‐Leucine arginine (MC‐LR) and organics on sand filters filled with agro‐industrial residues was enhanced due to increasing bioactivity.…”

Section: Physical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous wastes treatment technologies

Shih

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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Modified biosand filters enriched with iron oxide coated gravel to remove chemical, organic and bacteriological contaminants

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Zero-Valent Iron-Sand Filtration Reduces Escherichia coli in Surface Water and Leafy Green Growing Environments

Zero-Valent Iron-Sand Filtration Reduces Escherichia coli in Surface Water and Leafy Green Growing Environments

The Impact of Selected Pretreatment Procedures on Iron Dissolution from Metallic Iron Specimens Used in Water Treatment

Hazardous wastes treatment technologies

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