Modified Cascaded Controller Design Constructed on Fractional Operator ‘β’ to Mitigate Frequency Fluctuations for Sustainable Operation of Power Systems

Abstract

The demand for energy is increasing at an abrupt pace, which has highly strained the power system, especially with high share of power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). This increasing strain needs to be effectively managed for a continuous and smooth operation of the power system network. Generation and demand exhibit a strong correlation that directly creates an impact on the power system frequency. Fluctuations and disruptions in load frequency can manifest themselves as over-voltages and physical damages in the power grid and, in the worst case, can lead to blackouts. Thus, this paper proposed an effective solution to mitigate the load frequency problem(s), which is initiated by the changing load demand under high penetration of RES. This paper presented an improved cascaded structure, the proportional integral with a fractional operator coupled with proportional derivative . The proposed modifies the (1+PD) controller by introducing fractional properties that improve its tracking efficiency and mitigate frequency fluctuations taking minimal time. The introduction of diversifies its tracking and overall controlling ability, which translates it as a significant controller. The controller optimal parameters are extracted by deploying a dragonfly search algorithm (DSA). The study of the results illustrates that the proposed design displays efficient performance under any disturbance or uncertainty in the power system.

Driver Training Based Optimized Fractional Order PI-PDF Controller for Frequency Stabilization of Diverse Hybrid Power System

“…The cascaded (FOPI-PDF) controller gains will be ascertained by minimizing the cost function (CF) using the DTBO algorithm. The integral of time weighted by the squared error (ITSE) [4,26] is chosen as the CF because it can reduce time settling and overwhelm high oscillations quickly [30]:…”

Load frequency regulation of interconnected muli-source multi-area power system with penetration of electric vehicles aggregator model

“…By lowering greenhouse gas emissions, RES help to create a sustainable environment. The incorporation of RESs, primarily photovoltaic, wind power, small hydro, fuel cells and biomass has resulted in a major dynamic characteristic shift in power systems over the last decade because of their technical and economic importance [2,3].…”

A Case Study on National Electricity Blackout of Turkey

“…This architecture aimed to effectively implement a system encompassing a diagnosis, warning, and instant failure response, with detailed descriptions provided [27]. An improved cascaded structure based on the proportional integral with a fractional operator coupled with the proportional derivative was proposed [28]. The controller (1 + PD) was modified by introducing the fractional properties that improved its tracking efficiency and mitigated the frequency fluctuations taking minimal time.…”

“…The modern power system keeps advancing towards a huge complex artificial system. The interactions between electrical elements can become highly complex, to the point where even a minor disturbance can initiate a chain reaction throughout the entire system, commonly referred to as cascading [22,28]. Additionally, the recovery scenarios should be prepared by considering the worst situations.…”