Modified Electrodes for Selective Voltammetric Detection of Biomolecules

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors for selective analysis of biomolecules got tremendous attention due to their better sensitivity and construction possibility of the portable cost‐effective devices. The individual or simultaneous sensing of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) is challenging due to their close electrooxidation and co‐existing. Recent years, substantial progress is made to develop electrode with smart materials to overcome the issue related to simultaneous sensing. This review is comparatively consolidating the work was done in fabrication of electrochemical sensors for the simultaneous sensing of AA, DA and UA. The various modification materials such as graphene, CNTs, conductive polymers and the ionic liquids characteristics are concisely described with their figure of merits. In the end, the critical analysis, future prospects, and challenges in commercialization are described.

Microneedle array sensors based on carbon nanoparticle composites: interfacial chemistry and electroanalytical properties

“…The latter is a common biomarker in a range of clinical conditions, such as hypertension [22], kidney function [23], stroke [24] and cardiovascular disease [25,26]. It is little surprise therefore that there is an extensive literature base on its electrochemical detection and, with continuing advances in 2D carbon nanomaterials and other catalytic particles, continues to hold the interest of the diagnostics [27][28][29][30][31]. While the present investigation has sought to examine the material characteristics of the composite MN array, the response to urate within horse blood, as a model system, was critically assessed along with its potential translation to transdermal applications.…”

Permselectivity of Electrodeposited Polydopamine/Graphene Composite for Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine

“…Dopamine, as an essential excitatory chemical neurotransmitter, is often monitored as biomolecular probe in the extracellular space of the brain . Variations in dopamine levels can seriously affect the occurrence of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases . Therefore, dopamine plays a critical role in clinically valuable diagnosing.…”

“…Therefore, dopamine plays a critical role in clinically valuable diagnosing. Selective detection of DA is challenging due to the main interferences, AA and UA, with orders of magnitude higher concentrations . Conventional selective analysis methods include UV‐vis spectrophotometry, fluorometric method and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) separation‐detection method .…”

“…As an alternative material to pristine graphene, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is also extensively used for different application due to its robust features such as conductivity and high surface area . Various rGO‐based composites further offer the possibility of a wider range of performance . Dropping casting GO and then electrochemical reduction is a relatively convenient, cost‐effective and harmless approach .…”

Voltammetric Determination of Vanillin Using a Pretreated Pencil Graphite Electrode

“…The reason of the widely using of PGE in electrochemical sensor studies is that this electrode has many advantages such as disposable, low costs, commercial availability etc. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In addition there is no time consuming polishing and modification procedure in the PGE compared with other high costs common solid electrodes [33].…”