Modified Measles: A Diagnostic Challenge

Roose, Jozefien; Rohaert, Celine; Jadoul, Annelien; Fölster‐Holst, Regina; Gysel, Dirk Van

doi:10.2340/00015555-2825

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Herd immunity is needed to ensure the population is effectively protected against measles infection. In recent years, modified measles cases causing measles outbreaks have been reported in measles-eliminated countries such as Japan and Australia [30,31]. The diagnosis is difficult as the presentation of modified measles is atypical and is a milder form of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-Year Trend of Measles and Its Associated Factors in Pahang, Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Daud

Yaacob

Ibrahim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Measles is a disease that has resurfaced as a public health concern in Malaysia. Malaysia has had a Measles Elimination Program in place since 2004, but the incidence of measles in Pahang has not improved significantly. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and trend of measles in Pahang, as well as to identify the risk factors. The five-year population-based surveillance data of the entire Pahang state was extracted and analyzed for the trend and incidence of measles from January 2016 to December 2020. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between measles and available sociodemographic data. A total of 2844 reported measles cases were investigated. Out of the measles cases reported, 7.41 percent were confirmed. According to the five-year fluctuating trend, the incidence rate ranges from 13.51 to 50.97 per 1,000,000 population. Confirmed measles was significantly associated with an indigenous background (AdjOR = 4.90, 95% CI: 1.74, 13.78), history of contact with measles cases (AdjOR = 14.03, 95% CI: 8.23, 23.90), and incomplete vaccination (AdjOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 2.28, 5.01). In conclusion, the incidence of measles in Pahang remains sporadic, owing to sporadic outbreaks. Vaccination is an important preventive measure that must reach out to the isolated populations such as indigenous people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-Year Trend of Measles and Its Associated Factors in Pahang, Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Daud

Yaacob

Ibrahim

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Measles pneumonia is the cause of death in 60% of cases [20]. It can develop due to the action of the measles virus itself (Hecht's giant cell pneumonia), the layering of secondary viral (adenovirus, herpes simplex virus) or bacterial flora (Streptococcus pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus) [46]. Among the pathology from the ENT organs, complications may occur in the form of the development of otitis media, otosclerosis, Measles does not have gender selectivity, but literature data show that male children are mostly more likely to get sick [25].…”

Section: A Complication Of Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles at the present stage

Zhuzzhasarova¹,

Bayesheva²,

Altynbekova³

et al. 2021

J CLIN MED KAZ

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Measles is an acute infectious disease characterized by a combination of catarrhal symptoms and specific exanthema. This is a highly contagious, potentially fatal infection with an airborne transmission mechanism. A distinctive feature of the pathogen of which is the ability to cause prolonged post-infectious immunosuppression. Fever in combination with one of the following manifestations: cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis are the first clinical manifestations of the disease. The Belsky-Filatov-Koplik spots are specific rashes on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, allowing to establish a diagnosis even before the appearance of exanthema. The rash usually appears 3-4 days after the onset of an increase in body temperature and is characterized by a gradual rash, initially occurs on the face and behind the ears, which is associated with the peak of the clinical picture. Measles is characterized by a polysystemic lesion, with a predominant involvement in the pathological process of the central and respiratory systems of the body, while pneumonia is one of the most frequent complications that lead to a fatal outcome. In the treatment of measles, supportive therapy, correction of dehydration and nutrient deficiency, as well as treatment of secondary bacterial infections and providing the body with vitamin A are of great importance. It is important to note that measles has lifelong immunity after an infection or vaccination, while vaccination against measles plays a crucial role in its elimination. Previously, it was believed that measles is on the verge of eradication, but its outbreaks in Europe at the present stage have led to the return and spread of this infection. Measles remains the leading cause of global child mortality in the world, as children from developing countries are most susceptible to this disease. About 45 million new cases of measles are registered annually in the world, among which almost a million people die.

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“…2,23 Patients with modified measles have a longer incubation period, milder and less characteristic clinical manifestations, and faster resolution. 23,27 These patients might not have coryza, cough, or conjunctivitis, and they are less contagious. 23,27 Atypical measles occurs in individuals who were vaccinated with the killed-virus measles vaccine and who are subsequently exposed to wild-type measles virus.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,27 These patients might not have coryza, cough, or conjunctivitis, and they are less contagious. 23,27 Atypical measles occurs in individuals who were vaccinated with the killed-virus measles vaccine and who are subsequently exposed to wild-type measles virus. 23 The killed-virus measles vaccine was used in the US between 1963 and 1967.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles: a disease often forgotten but not gone

et al. 2018

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Measles (rubeola) is a highly contagious vaccinepreventable disease caused by the measles virus-a virus of the Paramyxoviridae family. The illness typically begins with fever, runny nose, cough, and pathognomonic enanthem (Koplik spots) followed by a characteristic erythematous, maculopapular rash. The rash classically begins on the face and becomes more confluent as it spreads cephalocaudally. Laboratory confirmation of measles virus infection can be based on a positive serological test for measles-specific immunoglobulin M antibody, a four-fold or greater increase in measles-specific immunoglobulin G between acute and convalescent sera, isolation of measles virus in culture, or detection of measles virus ribonucleic acid by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Complications occur in 10% to 40% of patients, and treatment is mainly symptomatic. Bacterial superinfections, if present, should be properly treated with antibiotics. To eradicate measles, universal childhood immunisation and vaccination of all susceptible individuals with measles vaccine would be ideal. In developed countries, routine immunisation with measles-containing vaccine is

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Modified Measles: A Diagnostic Challenge

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Five-Year Trend of Measles and Its Associated Factors in Pahang, Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Five-Year Trend of Measles and Its Associated Factors in Pahang, Malaysia: A Population-Based Study

Measles at the present stage

Measles: a disease often forgotten but not gone

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