Modified minimum-distance criterion for blended random and nonrandom encoding

Duelli, Markus; Reece, Matthew; Cohn, Robert W.

doi:10.1364/josaa.16.002425

Cited by 11 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Particular blendings of MDE with PRE have been demonstrated to produce lower peak noise (and also more accurate approximation of the intensities of the desired diffraction pattern) than either method individually. 3,8,21 We note that the reduction of noise spikes, particularly in spot array generators designed with a minimum-distance criterion, has been a motivation both for ED by Kirk et al 19 and for MD-PRE. 3,8 In this paper we present, to our knowledge for the first time, comparisons of ED and PRE in terms of their properties and optical performance.…”

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…3,8,21 We note that the reduction of noise spikes, particularly in spot array generators designed with a minimum-distance criterion, has been a motivation both for ED by Kirk et al 19 and for MD-PRE. 3,8 In this paper we present, to our knowledge for the first time, comparisons of ED and PRE in terms of their properties and optical performance. The general differences that we discussed above are brought out further by application of each encoding method to the same desired fully complex function and comparison of the resulting diffraction patterns.…”

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Blended methods (referred to as MD-PRE) 2,3,8 that encode some desired values by MDE and other values by PRE.…”

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The focus of the study has been to develop algorithms that can be computed in real or near-real time and that demonstrate good (rather than optimal) optical performance within the available time constraints for practical spatial light modulators (SLM's). These constraints frequently include that the SLM represents only a limited range of complex values (e.g., phase-only, quantized phase-only, coupled amplitude-phase) and that the SLM has a relatively small number of pixels [or equivalently, space-bandwidth product (SBWP)] compared with fixed-pattern diffractive optical elements and holograms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single-pixel encoding 8 (rather than group-oriented encoding) 10,11 is used. It maps each desired complex value into the modulation value of a corresponding single pixel, without consideration of the modulation values of the surrounding pixels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

Duelli

Cohn

2000

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Error diffusion (ED) and pseudorandom encoding (PRE) methods of designing Fourier transform holograms are compared in terms of their properties and the optical performance of the resulting far-field diffraction patterns. Although both methods produce a diffuse noise pattern due to the error between the desired fully complex pattern and the encoded modulation, the PRE errors reconstruct uniformly over the nonredundant bandwidth of the discrete-pixel spatial light modulator, while the ED errors reconstruct outside the window of the designed diffraction pattern. Combining the two encoding methods produces higher-fidelity diffraction patterns than either method produces individually. For some designs the fidelity of the ED-PRE algorithm is even higher over the entire nonredundant bandwidth than for the previously reported [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 2425 (1999)] minimum-distance-PRE algorithm.

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Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Blended methods (referred to as MD-PRE) 2,3,8 that encode some desired values by MDE and other values by PRE.…”

Section: Pseudorandom Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

Duelli

Cohn

2000

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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Fundamental properties of spatial light modulators for the approximate optical computation of Fourier transforms: a review

Cohn

2001

Opt. Eng

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The performance of optical computers that include programmable Fourier optics depends intimately both on the physical characteristics of the particular spatial light modulator (SLM) and on the particular algorithms that map the ideal signal into the available modulation range of the SLM. Since practical affordable SLMs represent only a limited range of values in the complex plane (e.g., phase-only or quantized phase), numerous approaches have been reported to represent, approximate, encode or map complex values onto the available SLM states. The best approach depends on the space-bandwidth product (SBWP) of the signal, number of SLM pixels, computation time of encoding, the required response time of the application, and the resulting performance of the optical computer. My review of various methods, as applied to most current SLMs, which have a relatively low number of high cost pixels, leads me to recommend encoding algorithms that address the entire usable frequency plane and that emphasize the fidelity of the approximated Fourier transform over maximization of diffraction efficiency and minimization of approximation error. Frequency-dependent diffraction efficiency (due to pixel fill factor of discrete SLMs or resolution of spatially continuous SLMs) is also evaluated as a factor that can limit usable SBWP and possibly modify the choice of encoding method.

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Systematic errors of an optical encryption system due to the discrete values of a spatial light modulator

Gopinathan

2009

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. An optical implementation of the amplitude encoded double random phase encryption/decryption technique is implemented, and both numerical and experimental results are presented. In particular, we examine the effect of quantization in the decryption process due to the discrete values and quantized levels, which a spatial light modulator ͑SLM͒ can physically display. To do this, we characterize a transmissive SLM using Jones matrices and then map a complex image to the physically achievable levels of the SLM using the pseudorandom encoding technique. We present both numerical and experimental results that quantify the performance of the system. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

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Modified minimum-distance criterion for blended random and nonrandom encoding

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

Improved-fidelity error diffusion through blending with pseudorandom encoding

Fundamental properties of spatial light modulators for the approximate optical computation of Fourier transforms: a review

Systematic errors of an optical encryption system due to the discrete values of a spatial light modulator

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