Modified Nomenclature for the “10%” Electrode System1

Chatrian, Gian Emilio; Lettich, Ettore; Nelson, Paula L.

doi:10.1097/00004691-198804000-00005

Cited by 161 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…The electrodes [FP(1, 2), F(3, z, 4), FC (7,2,4,8), T(7, 1, 2, 8), C(3, z, 4), CP(5, 1, 2, 6), P (7, 3, z, 4, 8), O(1, z, 2), A(1, 2)] were mounted according to the 10 -20 system (Chatrian et al, 1988) and referenced to FCz. Impedances of the EEG electrodes were Ͻ10 kOhm.…”

Section: Eeg Measurement Preprocessing and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tune It Down to Live It Up? Rapid, Nongenomic Effects of Cortisol on the Human Brain

Strelzyk¹,

Hermes²,

Naumann³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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The stress hormone cortisol acts on the brain, supporting adaptation and time-adjusted coping processes. Whereas previous research has focused on slow emerging, genomic effects of cortisol, we addressed the rapid, nongenomic cortisol effects on in vivo neuronal activity in humans. Three independent placebo-controlled studies in healthy men were conducted. We observed changes in CNS activity within 15 min after intravenous administration of a physiological dose of 4 mg of cortisol (hydrocortisone). Two of the studies demonstrated a rapid bilateral thalamic perfusion decrement using continuous arterial spin labeling. The third study revealed rapid, cortisol-induced changes in global signal strength and map dissimilarity of the electroencephalogram. Our data demonstrate that a physiological concentration of cortisol profoundly affects the functioning and perfusion of the human brain in vivo via a rapid, nongenomic mechanism. The changes in neuronal functioning suggest that cortisol acts on the thalamic relay of background as well as on task-specific sensory information, allowing focus and facilitation of adaptation to challenges.

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Section: Eeg Measurement Preprocessing and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tune It Down to Live It Up? Rapid, Nongenomic Effects of Cortisol on the Human Brain

Strelzyk¹,

Hermes²,

Naumann³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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“…Stimuli were presented on a 20 inch Sony monitor (resolution 800 × 600) placed 1.1 m in front of the subject's eyes. EEG was measured with a 62 channel montage (easy cap, Falk Minow Systems, Germany) according to the international 10 10 system (Chatrian et al, 1998) with Cz as a reference electrode. Electrode impedances were kept below 5 kΩ.…”

Section: Assessment and Analysis Of Eegmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological correlates of face processing in social phobia

2006

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Social phobia has been associated with abnormal processing of angry faces, which directly signal disapproval a situation that social phobics fear. This study investigated the electrophysiological correlates of emotional face processing in socially phobic and non phobic individuals. Subjects identified either the gender (modified emotional Stroop task) or the expression of angry, happy, or neutral faces. Social phobics showed no deviations from controls in reaction times, heart rates, P1, or P2 amplitudes in response to angry faces, although elevated FSS scores were associated with higher P1 amplitudes in social phobic persons. In addition, social phobic persons showed enhanced right temporo parietal N170 amplitudes in response to angry faces in the emotion identification task. Furthermore, higher scores on the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) were associated as a trend with larger N170 amplitudes in response to angry faces in the emotion identification task.Thus, the present results suggest that social phobics show abnormalities in the early visual processing of angry faces, as reflected by the enhanced right hemispheric N170 when the emotion of the angry face was the focus of attention, while behavioral responses and heart rates showed no evidence for preferred processing of angry facial expressions.

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“…Electroencephalograms (EEG) were collected utilizing an elastic electrode cap with 27 tin electrodes placed on the scalp conforming to a subset of locations in the 10-10 International System (Chatrian, Lettich, & Nelson, 1988). Electrodes were filled with conductive gel and the sites were abraded to reduce impedances to less than 5 k .…”

Section: Electrophysiological Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An auditory processing abnormality specific to liability for schizophrenia

Force

Venables

Sponheim

2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Abnormal brain activity during the processing of simple sounds is evident in individuals with increased genetic liability for schizophrenia; however, the diagnostic specificity of these abnormalities has yet to be fully examined. Because recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share aspects of genetic etiology the present study was conducted to determine whether individuals with heightened genetic liability for each disorder manifested distinct neural abnormalities during auditory processing. Utilizing a dichotic listening paradigm, we assessed target tone discrimination and electrophysiological responses in schizophrenia patients, first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients, bipolar disorder patients, firstdegree biological relatives of bipolar patients and nonpsychiatric control participants. Schizophrenia patients and relatives of schizophrenia patients demonstrated reductions in an early neural response (i.e. N1) suggestive of deficient sensory registration of auditory stimuli. Bipolar patients and relatives of bipolar patients demonstrated no such abnormality. Both schizophrenia and bipolar patients failed to significantly augment N1 amplitude with attention. Schizophrenia patients also failed to show sensitivity of longer-latency neural processes (N2) to stimulus frequency suggesting a disorder specific deficit in stimulus classification. Only schizophrenia patients exhibited reduced target tone discrimination accuracy. Reduced N1 responses reflective of early auditory processing abnormalities are suggestive of a marker of genetic liability for schizophrenia and may serve as an endophenotype for the disorder.

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Modified Nomenclature for the “10%” Electrode System1

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

Tune It Down to Live It Up? Rapid, Nongenomic Effects of Cortisol on the Human Brain

Tune It Down to Live It Up? Rapid, Nongenomic Effects of Cortisol on the Human Brain

Psychophysiological correlates of face processing in social phobia

An auditory processing abnormality specific to liability for schizophrenia

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