Modified orifice pulse tube refrigerator without a reservoir

CFD simulation of a Gifford–McMahon type pulse tube refrigerator

“…Zhu et al [3] proposed a double inlet pulse tube refrigerator (DIPTR) by adding a double inlet valve in an orifice pulse tube refrigerator, which improved the refrigeration performance significantly. Many theoretical analysis methods, as well as numerical models have been developed to investigate the mechanism of refrigeration and intrinsic loss [4][5][6]. However, the exact nature of the physical phenomena underlying the operation of pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) is so for not wellunderstood [7,8].…”

Miniature Pulse Tube for the Cooling of Electronic Devices: Functioning Principles and Practical Modeling

“…In 1990, Zhou et al reached 42 K thanks to the concept of the DIPTR (double inlet pulse tube refrigerator) [13,14], which possesses a by-pass system between the extremity of the regenerator and the warm part of the tube. Numerous research teams have increased the device performance and obtained a minimal temperature of approximately 2 to 4 K. The main improvements exist in multiplying the number of stages and orifices or modifying the pressure generator (hybrid pulse tube refrigerator [15]). More information and data are available in previous studies [16][17][18] that are dedicated to a panorama of all these devices.…”