Modified QuEChERS Method for Multiresidue Determination of Pesticides in Pecan Nuts by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

“…Due the widespread use of agricultural chemicals in food production, people are exposed to low levels of pesticide residues through their diets. Because the organic pesticides usually exist in very small amounts in food samples and have different chemical structure containing, for example, triazine, imidazolinone, phenyluracyl, or macrocyclic lactone structure, thus there is a need to develop efficient and sensitive CLC systems for the simultaneous determination of compounds that are dangerous to human health, present in food and food products which belong to one of the presented groups as well as to various groups (i.e., multiclass pesticides) [31,32]. Table 1 shows the utility of selected CLC procedures with validation parameters that have been applied in analysis of food samples .…”

“…As it can be observed, liquid chromatography is particularly appropriate for the analysis of polar, non-volatile, and/or thermally labile pesticides. Because of its high selectivity and sensitivity, HPLC and UHPLC in combination with MS/MS have mostly been used in this field especially to determine the insecticides and herbicides belonging to organophosphorus compounds, imidazolinone and pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives, and in study of samples containing multiclass pesticides [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27,[30][31][32][33][34]. However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28].…”

“…However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28]. Various kinds of stationary phases (columns) have been used in the HPLC determination of pesticides, mainly C18 [16][17][18]20,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and also chiral [19,33], BEH HILIC [21], Hypercarb [22], Obelisc N HILIC [24,34], Acquity UPLC HSS T3 [23,32]. In general, water or water with formic acid or acetic acid or ammonium formate, acetonitrile, and methanol have been applied as mobile phases with gradient or isocratic elution, respectively.…”

“…However, owing to the new SPE (solid phase extraction) systems consisting novel polymers as adsorbents e.g., porous organic polymer Car-DMB, Py-DMB HCP (heterocyclic hypercrosslinked polymer), HPLC analysis further allows the quantification of some pesticides in food samples at concentrations of ng/g [25,28]. As is shown in Table 1, many HPLC-MS/MS techniques with triple quadrupole (TQ), electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode or selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode have been mainly used for the determination of different kind of pesticides [16,[18][19][20][21]27,31,33]. In addition, the HPLC-MS/MS methods with electrospray ionization (ESI) and quadrupole trap (QTRAP) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode have been also employed in the analysis of various pesticides [23,24,30,34].…”

Bioaccumulation And Biotransformation of BDE-47 Using Zebrafish Eleutheroembryos (Danio Rerio)

“…Good recoveries for PBDEs and MeO-BDEs were obtained using PSA. Nonetheless, the OH-BDEs were completely lost because PSA is usually used to remove polar compounds from a non-polar matrix (Barci et al 2020) On the other hand, with n-hexane:MTBE mixture (1:1), the compounds are extracted from the matrix better than with the n-hexane:DCM mixture (1:1), as better recovery results are obtained for most analytes. The same behaviour in the exposure media is observed.…”